Geography - CASE STUDIES, urban futures (AC and EDC)

For an Advanced Country (AC) city you have studied, explain how international migration has changed the character of the city. [6]

Leicester

• increase of immigrants from Uganda, Pakistan and India since 1970s, immigrants form multicultural communities

• this causes religious buildings such as mosques and temples to be built

• outside of India, Leicester is where Diwali is celebrated the most and Diwali festivals are hosted

• Narborough road is the most multicultural street in Leicester

Where are the wealthier areas located in Leicester?

Knighton, Oadby

Where are the poorer areas located in Leicester?

Beaumont Leys, Highfields, Saffron lane

For an EDC you have studied, explain how international migration has changed the character of the city. [6]

Rio de Janeiro

• People move from Caatinga (north east) to Rio (south east)

• This causes Rio’s population to grow, which also increases crime rates and unemployment

• This also increase growth of the favelas as housing is unaffordable, creating an economic divide

• migrants from Portugal and China introduce new languages and cuisine

• these migrants work on the streets, construction and other domestic services which improve the economic growth

discuss one initiative to make Leicester more sustainable.

• Increase in bus and cycle lanes and new links in road to decrease traffic

• pedestrianisation of areas in the city centre which reduced amount of vehicles in busy areas and encourages cycling/ walking which decreases emissions

• however, new roads being built can cause road diversions which increases traffic and longer journey times which increase pollution

Where are the wealthy areas located in Rio de Janeiro?

South (Ipanema and Copacabana)

West (Barra)

Where are the poor areas located in Rio de Janeiro?

West and north have densely packed favelas

In Rio, what is in the central business district?

• large organisations for coal and mining farms (CVRD and Petrobas)

• large shopping malls and markets

• historical buildings, as it is the oldest town

Explain the importance of an AC city within its country and the wider world

Leicester

• HQs and businesses such as NEXT and walkers crips

• low unemployment rate which raises UK’s GDP

• good quality education such as Uni of Leicester and De Montfort university, which attracts international students

• transport links such as the M1 and M69 which makes it easier to commute

• globally known for 2016 premier league win, home to Leicester tigers and city football club

• most multicultural city in the UK

Explain the importance of an EDC within its country and the wider world

Rio de Janeiro

• Brazil’s goods export (iron, coal) and has the biggest port which is important for trade

• many people from rural areas migrate to Rio in search for jobs

• holds the biggest lent festival in the world annually with over 2 million people visiting it

• 2016 Olympics and FIFA world cup attracts tourists

• heart of Brazilian music and dance and hosts large carnivals and parades (samba and bossa nova)

• tourist attractions such as Ipanema and Copacabana beach along with theme parks, hotels and restaurants

discuss one initiative to make Rio de Janeiro more sustainable.

• Pacification of the favelas to decrease crime rates

• reduces presence of gangs and drug trafficking

• Police also invest in buildings and facilities

• pacification makes favela tourism possible, which increases economy and brings people out of poverty

• However, this displaces gangs into other favelas and there are strict curfews, which ban social events

evaluate how one contemporary challenge impacts on everyday life in Rio de Janeiro.

• housing shortages in Brazil lead to the growth of favelas, such as Rochina

• favelas are overcrowded and are built out of scrap material which increase amount of diseases and are more prone to collapsing

• limited clean water, food, electricity and education

• a lot of crimes, such as gang violence and drug trafficking makes it unsafe for people to go outside

How is the diversity in Rio?

• in the south, 80% are white

• half of the population are black or mixed race

what is the population of Leicester?

340000

Examine how ways of life vary within one LIDC or EDC city

Rio de Janeiro

• There is a clear economic divide within Rio as the north and west areas are much poorer and have densely packed favelas

• Whereas the south, Ipanema and Copacabana and the west, Barra which are more richer

• In the Favela, Rochina, houses are overcrowded and face crimes such as drug trafficking, violence

• there are a lack of jobs, security, electricity and healthcare making it an unsafe place

• In wealthier areas such as the central business District, there are restaurants, hotels and high quality facilities

Examine how ways of life vary within one AC city