I&S SWE history

Feudalism

A medieval system based on land, loyalty, and protection.

Knight

A trained medieval warrior who served a lord.

Master Mason

A skilled builder who designed stone castles and buildings.

Serf

A peasant who farmed a lord's land in exchange for protection.

Grain Ark

A large chest or container used to store grain.

Tithe

A payment or tax of $\frac{1}{10}$ of a person's income given to the Church.

Rope Walk

A worker who twists fibers together to make strong rope.

Four Humors

An old medical theory that body fluids must stay balanced to avoid sickness.

Legions (Rome)

Large units of highly trained Roman soldiers.

Abbot / Abbess

The leader of a monastery or convent.

Vow of Silence

A promise made by a monk or nun to not speak.

Heresy

A belief that goes against the official teachings of the Church.

Legionaries

The highly trained soldiers of the Roman army who helped protect and control the Roman Empire.

Purgatory

A place where souls could be purified after death before entering heaven.

Carpenter

A skilled worker who builds and repairs things made from wood.

Granary

A large container or building used to store grain safely from pests and moisture.

Bloodletting

A medical treatment where blood was removed to restore body balance.

Herbalist

A person who used plants and herbs to make remedies for illnesses.

Nuns

Women living in a monastery dedicated to prayer, religious work, and education.

Cardinals

Senior Church leaders who served as the Pope's main advisers.

Fallow Land

Leaving a plowed field unplanted for a growing season.

Purpose of Fallow Land

To allow the soil to naturally rebuild its nutrients.

Impact of the Fall of Rome

Government collapsed and the army vanished, leaving people completely unsafe.

Cause for the Rise of Feudalism

People traded their labor to local lords in exchange for safety and protection.

King to Lord Relationship

The king gives land in exchange for loyalty and soldiers.

Lord to Knight Relationship

The lord gives land in exchange for military protection.

Knight to Serf Relationship

The knight gives protection and shelter in exchange for food and labor.

Manor Safety

Provided strong walls to protect the community against outside attacks.

Manor Survival

Produced all food and resources locally to be completely self-sufficient.

Manor Tools

Provided shared resources for everyone, like a watermill and a blacksmith.

Ploughing

Digging up and turning over the soil to prepare the field.

Sowing

Throwing the seeds down across the field.

Weeding

Removing bad plants and weeds from the crops.

Harvesting

Cutting and gathering the grown food.

Milling

Grinding harvested grain into flour.

Pope

The supreme, over-all leader of the Catholic Church.

Archbishops

Regional rulers managing large church districts.

Bishops

Local supervisors running smaller church areas.

Priests

Village church leaders who ran daily services.

Monks and Nuns

Community workers who dedicated their lives to prayer and helping others.

Medieval Medical Theory

Health required balancing four distinct body fluids.

Medieval Medical Diagnosis

Doctors checked urine color and used astrology charts.

Medieval Medical Treatment

Used herbal plants (like mint) and bloodletting to fix fluid balance.

Purgatory

A place where souls could be purified after death before entering heaven.

Carpenter

A skilled worker who builds and repairs things made from wood.

Granary

A large container or building used to store grain safely from pests and moisture.

Bloodletting

A medical treatment where blood was removed to restore body balance.

Herbalist

A person who used plants and herbs to make remedies for illnesses.

Nuns

Women living in a monastery dedicated to prayer, religious work, and education.

Cardinals

Senior Church leaders who served as the Pope's main advisers.

Fallow Land

Leaving a plowed field unplanted for a growing season.

Purpose of Fallow Land

To allow the soil to naturally rebuild its nutrients.

Impact of the Fall of Rome

Government collapsed and the army vanished, leaving people completely unsafe.

Cause for the Rise of Feudalism

People traded their labor to local lords in exchange for safety and protection.

King to Lord Relationship

The king gives land in exchange for loyalty and soldiers.

Lord to Knight Relationship

The lord gives land in exchange for military protection.

Knight to Serf Relationship

The knight gives protection and shelter in exchange for food and labor.

Manor Safety

Provided strong walls to protect the community against outside attacks.

Manor Survival

Produced all food and resources locally to be completely self-sufficient.

Manor Tools

Provided shared resources for everyone, like a watermill and a blacksmith.

Ploughing

Digging up and turning over the soil to prepare the field.

Sowing

Throwing the seeds down across the field.

Weeding

Removing bad plants and weeds from the crops.

Harvesting

Cutting and gathering the grown food.

Milling

Grinding harvested grain into flour.

Pope

The supreme, over-all leader of the Catholic Church.

Archbishops

Regional rulers managing large church districts.

Bishops

Local supervisors running smaller church areas.

Priests

Village church leaders who ran daily services.

Monks and Nuns

Community workers who dedicated their lives to prayer and helping others.

Medieval Medical Theory

Health required balancing four distinct body fluids.

Medieval Medical Diagnosis

Doctors checked urine color and used astrology charts.

Medieval Medical Treatment

Used herbal plants (like mint) and bloodletting to fix fluid balance.