Population Growth and Decline Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key demography terms, population growth metrics, and policy types from the human geography lecture transcript.

Fertility Rates

An indication of a population's ability to have children, used to determine whether a population is growing, remaining stable, or declining.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population over the course of a year.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children one woman will have during her childbearing years, which are defined as ages 15 to 49.

Replacement Level Fertility

A Total Fertility Rate of 2.1, which is the specific number of babies required to replace the two parents who had them.

Mortality Rates

An indication of a population's rate of deaths.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population over the course of a year.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of children who die before reaching the age of one per 1,000 live births, which indicates a country's access to healthcare.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

A measurement used by geographers to explain population growth and decline, calculated as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate ($\text{RNI} = \text{CBR} - \text{CDR}$).

Doubling Time

The amount of time it will take for a population to double if current growth rates remain the same.

Pronatalist Policies

Government policies designed to encourage reproduction and raise birth rates, typically seen in stable or declining populations.

Anti-natalist Policies

Government policies designed to reduce the number of births in a population, such as China's one-child policy.