acute kidney disease (AKI)

acute kidney disease

kidney impairment that persists beyond 7 days

acute kidney injury

-abrupt decrease in kidney function

-rapidly reverse within the first 48 hours or persists over a period of up to 7 days

chronic kidney disease

kidney impairment that exceeds 90 days

perisstent AKI (2-7 days) + rapid reversal of AKI (within 48 hours)

⬇

acute kidney injury (AKI

⬇ after 7 days

acute kidney disease

⬇after 90 days

chronic kidney disease

flow of kidney disease

occurs in hospitalized non-critically ill patients and critically ill patients

AKI epidemiology

urea

protein breakdown in liver and is excreted by kidneys

liver disease

low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) =

kidney disease

-neuropsychiatric symptoms (mental fog)

high blood urea nitrogen (BUN) =

pre renal

intrinsic

post renal

AKI is categorized on 3 types of injury including:

pre renal

decreased renal blood flow

-sudden and severe drop in BP (shock) or interruption of blood flow to kidneys from severe injury or illness

intrinsic

structural damage within the kidney

-direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply

post renal

obstruction within the urine collection system

-sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor, or injury

-extreme tiredness/fatigue

-nausea and vomiting

-confusion or trouble concentrating

-swelling (edema) particularly around your hands or ankles

-cramps (muscle spasms)

-poor appetite or food may taste metallic

-dry or itchy skin

-peeing more often

signs of AKI

-CKD

-diabetes

-heart or liver disease

-albuminuria

-major surgery (especially cardiac surgery)

-acute heart failure

-sepsis

-hypotension

-volume depletion (diarrhea, vomiting, or dehydration)

-certain meds

-advanced age, male gender, and African American race

risk factors of AKI