Lipid Metabolism - Lecture 17 Notes

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and key facts related to lipid metabolism, particularly focusing on processes such as fatty acid synthesis, energy yield, and cholesterol metabolism, as described in the lecture notes.

What is the energy yield of one molecule of acetyl-CoA during full oxidation?

12 molecules of ATP.

What does acetyl-CoA produce in the Krebs cycle?

3 molecules of NADH, 1 molecule of FADH2, and 1 molecule of GTP.

Where does de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids occur?

In the cytoplasm.

What enzyme catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA?

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

What is the main product of the fatty acid synthase pathway?

Palmitate (C16:0).

What role does citrate play in fatty acid biosynthesis?

Citrate is transported out of mitochondria and converted to acetyl-CoA in the cytosol.

What are the end products of ketone body formation?

Acetoacetate, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone.

What is the significance of HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol synthesis?

It is the rate-limiting step in the pathway to cholesterol.

What happens during fatty acid elongation?

Palmitate is converted into longer chain fatty acids.

How does insulin influence fatty acid biosynthesis?

Insulin activates phosphodiesterase, decreasing cAMP concentration and promoting the active form of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.