Studied by 12 peopleInternal mental processes
The human process of collecting and processing information to understand the world.
Schemas
Collections of information about a subject, collated from mainly experience.
Irrational thoughts
Also called dysfunctional thoughts. In Ellis's model and therapy, these are defined as thoughts that are likely to interfere with a person's happiness. Such dysfunctional thoughts lead to mental disorders such as depression.
ABCDE
In REBT, a model for understanding and recording the impact of cognitions on emotions.
Activating event
The A in ABCDE model of cognitive therapy.
Irrational beliefs
The B in ABCDE model of cognitive therapy.
Consquences
The C in ABCDE model of cognitive therapy.
Disputing
The D in ABCDE model of cognitive therapy.
Effects of disputing
The E in ABCDE model of cognitive therapy.
Logical
Self-defeating beliefs do not follow logically from the information available.
Empirical
Self-defeating beliefs are not consistent with reality.
Pragmatic
Emphasising the uselessness of self-defeating beliefs.
Musturbatory thinking
Thinking that certain ideas or assumptions must be true in order for an individual to be happy.
Unconditional positive regard
How a therapist should treat an REBT patient - with unconditional respect.
90
The success rate Ellis claimed for REBT.
Silverman et al
Concluded from a review of 89 studies that REBT is more effective or equal to other forms of therapy.
Irrational environments
Term for abusive environments that cannot be overcome with REBT; they are the direct cause of negative thinking.
Client distress
The issue with the forcefulness of the therapists in cognitive therapies.
Non-clinical
No diagnosed illness but still dealing with issues, e.g: stress.
40.8
Mean speed of: "About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other".
39.3
Mean speed of: "About how fast were the cars going when they collided into each other".
38.1
Mean speed of: "About how fast were the cars going when they bumped into each other".
34.0
Mean speed of: "About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other".
31.8
Mean speed of: "About how fast were the cars going when they contacted into each other".
Loftus and Palmer
Psychologists who conducted the 'reconstruction of automobile destruction' study.
Response-bias factor
Responses become biased due to leading questions.
Altered memory representation
Leading questions alter a person's memory, which therefore changes their responses.
Experiment 1
The experiment that asks the speed of the car using different verbs.
Experiment 2
Experiment that asked leading questions, with a follow up about broken glass.
16
How many in the smashed condition reported broken glass?
7
How many in the hit condition reported broken glass?
6
How many in the control condition reported broken glass?
Psychological harm
Damage and distress caused an experience, such as witnessing a car crash or robbery.
Idiographic approaches
A focus on individual cases to understand behaviour.
Nomothetic approaches
A focus on forming general rules of understanding behaviour.
Holism
Looking into all factors instead of focusing on specific parts.
SCBHC
Smashed, collided, bumped, hit, contacted.
Computer analogy
Human information processing may be similar to the steps and operations in a computer program, similar to the flow of information from input to output.
Depressive realists
Group of people seen to view the world more accurately than those more optimistic.
Religious people
Group of people who may have thoughts considered irrational by their therapist.
Foster et al
Found that those who witnessed a real robbery gave a more accurate description than those who didnāt.
Note
Flashcard