Unit 4 Urinary System

diuretic

Drugs that stimulate the
production of urine

nephrologist

A physician who studies and
treats conditions of the kidneys

urologist

a physician who studies and
treats conditions of the urinary
tract.

Rook

Hunt

catheterization

A tube placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder.

cystectomy

Surgical removal of all or part of the bladder.

-ectomy

surgical removal

cyst/o

bladder; cyst; sac of fluid

cystoscopy

Procedure that allows a visual inspection of the bladder and urethra.

cystoscope

A tube with a small camera on the end. Used during cystoscopy.

-scope

instrument for examination

hemodialysis

A treatment where a machine removes waste products from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning normally.

-lysis

break down, destruction, dissolving

hem/o

blood

dia-

across, through

lithotripsy

A medical procedure that uses high frequency sound (shock) waves or a laser to break up stones in your kidney, bladder, or ureter.

nephrectomy

To remove all or part of a kidney.

nephro/o

kidney; nephron

nephrolithotomy

Surgical removal of a kidney stone.

-otomy

to cut into

nephropexy

Surgical fixation of a floating kidney.

-pexy

surgical fixation

urethroplasty

Surgical repair of the urethra.

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A blood test that measures blood urea and nitrogen.

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A culture is a tissue sample that is tested in a lab to see what microorganisms (germs) grow in it.

cystometry

A test used to measure the filling and emptying of the bladder and how much urine the bladder can hold.

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

X Rays of the urinary tract. Dye is injected into the vein using an IV line.

kidneys, ureters, bladder x-ray (KUB)

X-Ray of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder. No contrast material is used.

retrograde pyelogram

A test completed to find out if a kidney stone or other blockage is interfering with the flow of the urinary tract.

urinalysis (UA)

A urine test. It is often done to check for urinary tract infections, kidney problems, or diabetes.

urography

An examination used to evaluate the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

ultrasonography

The process of conducting an ultrasound, which is a procedure that takes pictures using sound.

voiding cystourethrography

Test that shows the size of the bladder and how well it can drain.

epispadias

Congenital abnormal opening of the meatus; in boys, the urethra opens at the top of the penis rather than the tip.

hypospadias

A condition where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis rather than the tip.

urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra, commonly due to bacterial infection, often curable with antibiotics.

anuria

Condition of lack of urine production.

bacteriuria

The presence of bacteria in the urine.

dysuria

Any discomfort associated with urination.

enuresis

Bed-wetting.

glycosuria

Condition when excess blood sugar (glucose) is passed into the urine.

hematuria

Blood in the urine.

nocturia

Having to urinate more than once during the night.

oliguria

Low urine output.

polyuria

Condition when the body makes too much urine.

pyuria

Pus in the urine, often from an infection, can smell foul.

calculogenesis

The process of forming stones

calcul/o

small pebble

calculus

Kidney stone

hydronephrosis

Enlargement of the kidney due to a back up of urine

lithogenesis

Process of forming stones

nephrolithiasis

Having kidney stones in the urinary system

nephropathy

Any disease of the kidney

nephroptosis

Abnormally low or drooping of a kidney

polycystic kidney disease

A genetic disorder that causes many fluid-filled cysts to grow in your kidneys.

pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidney caused by bacteria

renal failure

The inability of the kidneys to function properly.

acute renal failure (ARF)

Occurs when the kidneys suddenly stop filtering waste products from the blood.

chronic renal failure (CRF)

Kidney failure that comes on slowly. May not have symptoms at the beginning.

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

When you have permanent kidney failure that requires a regular course of dialysis or a kidney transplant.

uremia

Urine in the blood. Occurs when the kidneys can't filter out waste.

cystitis

Urinary tract infection that originates in the bladder (bladder infection)

cystocele

A collapsed bladder. The ligaments and muscles that hold the bladder in place stretch or weaken causing the bladder to sag.

incontinence

Uncontrolled leaking of urine or defecation.

paruresis

Trouble urinating when other people are around. Also known as shy bladder syndrome.

Urinary tract infection

Common infections that come from bacteria, often from the skin or rectum, enter the urethra and infect the urinary tract.

micturition

The process of releasing urine from the urinary bladder (urinating).

nephrology

Nephrology deals with the study of the normal working of the kidneys as well as its diseases.

renal pelvis

A large cavity in the center of the kidney that collects the urine before it flows into the ureter.

urinary tract

The body's drainage system for producing, storing, and excreting urine.

urology

The field of medicine that specializes in diagnosing, treating, and managing diseases of the male and female urinary tract.