________ are of great importance, which may reflect inheritance.
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Dolphins
________ have many OR genes, but all are pseudo (they dont need to smell their underwater)
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Macroevolution
________: large- scale evolutionary changes, evolution on a species level (speciation and extinction), and at a higher taxonomic classification (appearance or disappearance of genera, families, orders, etc)
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Rudimentary organs
________ can often be detected in the embryo, but are lost later during development.
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Pseudogene
________- a sequence of DNA similar to a functional gene but nonfunctional, probably the remnant of a once functional gene that accumulated mutations.
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Mechanism
________ 2: Natural selection (an organ useful in some conditions might be injurious in others (beetles on islands))
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Extinction
________ is the complete elimination of all individuals in a species from the earth.
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Phylogenetic tree
________: a graphic representation of relatedness between species, genera, etc.
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Microevolution
________: Small scale evolutionary changes occur in gene frequency and trait distributions that occur in populations and species.
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archeopteryx
The ________ had modern feathers but a dinosaur- like skeleton.
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Evolution
________- descent with modification or changes in the genetic population over time (across generations)
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Law of succession
________: Fossil types are succeeded in the same geographical area by a similar fossil and or extant species.
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Sister Taxa
________: two taxa share a more recent common ancestor with each other than either does with any other species on the tree.
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Olfactory receptor
________ (OR) genes: humans have over 1000 (70 % pseudo) sense of smell correlates with loss of genes, mice have over 1500 (20 %) and a more accurate sense of smell, dogs have more than 800 (pseudo 18 %) and olfactory sensitivity is 100x that of humans.
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fossil
A(n) ________ is any trace of an organism that lived in the past.
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Transitional Forms
________- Ancestor → transitional form → descendant.
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Molecular homology
________ has two forms, the conservation of the genetic code as well as the case of shared genetic flaw.
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Vestigial Structure
________- a functionless or rudimentary version of a body part that has an important function in a closely related species; structure with no apparent nor predictable function (unusable organs)
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Fossils of dinosaurs
________ also have bristly structures, filamentous structures, and modern feathers.
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Evolution
descent with modification or changes in the genetic population over time (across generations)
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Evidence for evolution
evidence of change over time and evidence of common ancestry
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Microevolution
Small scale evolutionary changes occur in gene frequency and trait distributions that occur in populations and species
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Macroevolution
large-scale evolutionary changes, evolution on a species level (speciation and extinction), and at a higher taxonomic classification (appearance or disappearance of genera, families, orders, etc)
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Vestigial Structure
a functionless or rudimentary version of a body part that has an important function in a closely related species; structure with no apparent nor predictable function (unusable organs)
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Mechanism 1
disuse
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Mechanism 2
Natural selection (an organ useful in some conditions might be injurious in others (beetles on islands))
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Pseudogene
a sequence of DNA similar to a functional gene but nonfunctional, probably the remnant of a once functional gene that accumulated mutations
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Olfactory receptor (OR) genes
humans have over 1000 (70% pseudo) sense of smell correlates with loss of genes, mice have over 1500 (20%) and a more accurate sense of smell, dogs have more than 800 (pseudo 18%) and olfactory sensitivity is 100x that of humans
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Change through time evidence
soapberry bug ate the fruit of host plants, prior to 1925 it was the Southern Florida balloon vine which has thick fruit, since 1926 it has been the central Florida flat-podded golden rain tree which has thin fruit
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Evidence of Macroevolution
evidence of fossil record (fact of extinction), transitional forms, and the law of succession
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Example
Irish Elk (neither Irish nor elk nor moose nor reindeer) is an extinct species a relative to a living species, evolved during glacial periods, unable to adapt to subarctic conditions of the last glaciations, the last one died -11,000 years ago
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Law of succession
Fossil types are succeeded in the same geographical area by a similar fossil and or extant species
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Example
similarity in marsupials fossils in Australia and the marsupials currently living there
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Transitional Forms
Ancestor → transitional form → descendant
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Examples
reptile → archeopteryx → bird
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Phylogenetic tree
a graphic representation of relatedness between species, genera, etc
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Taxon
any named group of organisms such as species or genus
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Sister Taxa
two taxa share a more recent common ancestor with each other than either does with any other species on the tree
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Homology
the study of likeness, structural similarity between species despite the difference in function, the similarity between species the results from inheritance of traits from a common ancestor
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Evolution
descent with modification
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Microevolution
small scale evolutionary changes, changes that occur in gene frequency and trait distributions that occur in populations and species
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Macroevolution
large scale evolutionary changes, evolution on a species level (speciation and extinction) and at a higher taxonomic classifications, typically refers to the evolutionary differences among population usually in morphology
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vestigial structures
a functionless or rudimentary version of a body part that has an important function in other closely related species; a structure with no apparent nor predictable function
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Eye sockets on a blind cave fish
example of vestigial structure
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Pseudogene
a segment of DNA similar to a functional gene but nonfunctional, probably the remnant of a once functional gene that accumulated mutations
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A dolphin's olfactory receptor genes
example of a pseudogene
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evidence for macroevolution
fossil record, transitional forms, law of succession
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Law of Succession
fossil types are succeeded, in the same geographic area, by similar fossils or living species
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Archeopteryx
Famous bird-like fossil that links birds and reptiles (transitional form)
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phylogenetic tree (cladogram)
graphic representation of relatedness between species, genera, etc
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Taxon
any named group of organisms (species, genus)
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Sister Taxa
two taxa share a more recent common ancestor with each other than either does with any other species on the tree
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Homology
study of likeness, similarity between species that results from inheritance of trait from a common ancestor
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structural homology
forelimbs of vertebrates(different function but the same sequence of bones)
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developmental homology
A similarity in embryonic form, or in the fate of embryonic tissues, that is due to inheritance from a common ancestor.
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molecular homology
conservation of genetic code or a shared flaw
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Evidence for evolution
vestigial structures, pseudogenes, law of succession, transitional forms, homology
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Analogy
similarity due to a common function, NOT ancestry
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Example of change over time
soapberry beak size changed in response to the new food
Studied by 4 people
Note 
Flashcard (132)