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Speed
The rate of change of distance, calculated using the equation speed = distance / time, with SI units of m s-1.
Displacement
The distance an object has traveled in a given direction; it is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
Velocity
The rate of change of displacement, calculated using the equation velocity = change in displacement / time, with SI units of m s-1.
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity, calculated using the equation acceleration = change in velocity / time, with SI units of m s-2.
Gradient of a straight line on a graph
The gradient is determined by taking a portion of the line and measuring the vertical length divided by the horizontal length.
Straight, horizontal line on a displacement-time graph
Represents a stationary object.
Constant, non-zero gradient on a displacement-time graph
Represents an object moving with constant velocity.
Curved line on a displacement-time graph
Indicates acceleration (if gradient is increasing) or deceleration (if gradient is decreasing).
Straight, horizontal line on a velocity-time graph
Represents an object moving with constant velocity.
Constant, non-zero gradient on a velocity-time graph
Represents an object that is moving with a constant acceleration (positive gradient) or deceleration (negative gradient).
Area under a velocity-time graph
Represents displacement.
Area under an acceleration-time graph
Represents velocity.
Determining acceleration under gravity using light gates
Set up light gates vertically, measure the distance between them, connect to a data logger, release an object from rest, and use final velocities to calculate acceleration.
Horizontal velocity of a projected ball
Remains the same from launch until it hits the ground, assuming negligible air resistance.
Vertical acceleration in projectile motion
Equal to the gravitational field strength (g), acting downwards.
SUVAT equations
s=ut +1/2at², v=u + at, v² = u² + 2as, s= vt - 1/2at², s= ½ (u+v)t.
