Heart Conditions and ECG

what is patent ductus arteriosus?

failure of shunt to close between the aorta and left pulmonary artery

what does patent ductus arteriosus cause?

continuous like murmur that can be heard in both phases of the heart cycle

what is tetralogy of fallot?

dextraposition of the aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, interventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis

what does tetralogy of fallot cause?

loud ejection murmur during systole, severe cyanosis and clubbing of nails

what is coarctation of aorta?

constriction of the descending aorta

what does coarctation of the aorta cause?

higher blood pressure in the upper extremity by 20 mmHg compared to lower extremity

what is subclavian steal syndrome?

proximal stenosis of the subclavian artery

what population is subclavian steel syndrome seen in?

younger females who faint while exercising

what is the most common cause of left sided heart failure?

hypertension

what is the second most common cause of left sided heart failure?

aortic stenosis

what are early signs of left sided heart failure?

pulmonary edema causing shortness of breath, orthopnea

what is the number one sign of left sided heart failure?

exertional dyspnea

what is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?

left sided heart failure

what is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

rheumatic fever

what is cor pulmonale?

when the right side of the ehart fails by itself (lung condition that causes right sided heart failure)

what happenes with right sided heart failure?

backs up the superior vena cava and down the inferior vena cava

what does right sided heart failure lead to?

edema and fluid in extremities, jugular venous distention, hepatojugular reflex, liver/spleen enlargement, ascites, caput medusa, pitting edema

what is seen with right sided heart failure?

increased heart rate, S3 gallop, decreased BP

what is aortic disssection?

an interruption of the intima allowing blood into the vessel wall with immediate tearing pain

what is aortic dissection associted with?

hypertension, arteriorsclerosis and marfan’s

what causes angina pectoris coronary vasospasm?

exertion

what relieves angina pectoris-coronary vasospasm?

vasodilators under tongue

what is myocardial kinfarction?

acute heart failure

what causes myocardial infarction?

artherosclerosis

what is increased with a MI?

CK-MB, LDH and SGOT

what is an aneurysm?

abnormal widening that involves 3 layers, defect in elastic media tissues

what is the course of care if an aneurysm is > 3.8 cm?

ER

what is a P-Wave of ECG?

normal atrial depolarization

what is a QRS complex of ECG?

depolarization of the ventricles

what is hiddne in the QRS complex of an ECG?

repolarization of atria

what is a T-Wave of ECG?

repolarization of ventricles

what is a U-Wave of ECG?

repolarization of papillary muscles

what does an increased PR interval of an ECG indicate?

prolonged AV nodal delay (primary heart block)

what does two P waves before QRS complex indicate on an ECG?

Weinkbochs block of bundle of HIS (secondary heart block)

what does no QRS indicate on ECG?

complete heart block, no ventircualr contraction

what does an enlarged or inverted ST segment on an ECG indicate?

MI