Biology Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from biology lecture notes.

What percentage of the human genome is comprised of exons?

1.5%

What percentage of the human genome is comprised of regulatory sequences?

5%

What percentage of the human genome is comprised of introns?

20%

What is the role of intergenic/between genes repetitive DNA?

Regulates gene function

What is the role of transposable genetic elements?

They are jumping genes that can introduce variance and create mutations

List three types of gene modification.

Rearrangement, duplication, and mutations

List the correct order of the following scientists: Darwin, Aristotle, Lamark, Linne.

Aristotle, Linne, Lamark, Darwin

What four areas support evolution?

Direct observation, fossil records, homology, and biogeography

Name three causes of microevolution.

Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow

Name three causes of genetic variation.

Mutations, gene duplication, and sexual reproduction

List five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.

Random mating, large population size, no mutations, no natural selection, and no gene flow

Name four physical components of climate.

Sunlight, temperature, precipitation, and wind

What are the two zones based on light penetration in aquatic biomes?

Photic Zone and Aphotic Zone

What zone is the shallow area near the shore that supports rooted aquatic plants?

Littoral Zone

What zone contains deeper water past the shore and which is part of the photic zone?

Limnetic Zone

What zone refers to open water with photic and aphotic zones?

Pelagic Zone

What zone refers to the deep and shallow regions of water, specifically the bottom of a body of water?

Benthic Zone

What zone is an area that is alternatively submerged and exposed by tides?

Intertidal Zone

What zone is a shallow, sunlight region extending from low tide to the continental shelf?

Netric Zone

What zone is open waters beyond the continental shelf?

Oceanic Zone

What zone is the bottom of a body of water at an extreme depth and is aphotic?

Abyssal Zone

List three life history components.

Sexual maturity, reproductive frequency, and offspring quantity

What are two reproductive strategies?

Semelparity and iteroparity

List four density-dependent growth factors.

Predation, resource competition, territoriality, disease, intrinsic factors, and toxic wastes

Name three factors smaller populations are more vulnerable to.

Overharvesting, habitat loss, and inbreeding/genetic drift

Name three bacteria groups.

Proteobacteria, spirochetes, and cyanobacteria

List four key traits shared by plants and charophyte algae.

Ring of cellulose-synthesizing proteins, flagellate sperm, phragmoplast, and sporopollenin

List five derived traits of plants.

Alternation of generations, multicellular dependent embryos, walled spores, gametes, and apical meristems

List five adaptations of vascular seed plants.

Reduced gametophyte size, heterospory, ovules, pollen, and seeds