Biology - LIFE PROCESSES, CELLS, BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES AND VARIETY OF LIFE

what are the different characteristics of living organisms

• they need nutrition

• they respire

• they excrete their waste

• they respond to their surroundings

• they move

• they can control their internal conditions

• they reproduce

• they grow and develop

what are living organisms made up of

cells

what do cells contain

organelles

two different types of cells

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

what are prokaryotic cells like

give 3 examples

big complex cells

fungi, animal, plant

what are eukaryotic cells like

give an example

simple small cells

bacteria

what are organelles

tiny structures within cells, only seen at microscopic levels

what are the organelles found in ANIMAL cells

• nucleus

• cell membrane

• cytoplasm

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

what are the organelles found in PLANT cells

• nucleus

• cell membrane

• cytoplasm

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

• chloroplasts

• cell wall

• vacuole

what is a tissue

a group of similar cells that carry out a particular function

what is an organ

a group of different cell types

what make up organ systems

organs

what can embryonic stem cells do

they can turn into any type of cells

what is another name for undifferentiated cells

stem cells

where are stem cells found

in human embryo

where do adults have stem cells

in bone marrow

what can bone marrow stem cells do

turn into blood cells

can stem cells be used to cure diseases

yes but they could get contaminated and spread viruses

give characteristics of plants (4)

• multicellular

• photosynthesis (chloroplasts)

• cell wall

• store carbohydrates as sucrose and starch

give characteristics of animals (4)

• multicellular

• no cell wall

• store carbohydrates as glycogen

• can’t photosynthesise

give characteristics of fungi (6)

• some are single celled

• others have a body called mycelium (made up of hyphae)

• can’t photosynthesise

• cell walls made of chitin

• feed by saprotrophic nutrition

• store carbohydrates as glycogen

give characteristics of protoctists (3)

• single celled

• microscopic

• some have chloroplasts

give characteristics of bacteria (6)

• single celled

• microscopic

• no nucleus

• circular chromosome

• some can photosynthesise

• feed off other organisms

give characteristics of viruses

• particles, not cells

• can only reproduce in living cells

• parasite

• infect all types of organisms

• come in different shapes and sizes

• no cellular structure

• have a protein coat around DNA