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Flashcards covering key concepts related to mitosis, DNA replication, prokaryotic cell division, and the cell cycle.
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What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle responsible for?
Normal cell function and growth.
What occurs during the S phase?
DNA replication, where the human genome of 46 chromosomes is copied.
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
It unwinds the DNA helix.
What does DNA polymerase do?
It makes a polymer of DNA.
What is meant by 'semi-conservative' in DNA replication?
The parental chromosome is conserved while a new copy is also made.
Describe the process of binary fission in prokaryotes.
The parent cell replicates its DNA, the DNA attaches to the cell membrane, and membrane growth separates the DNA into two identical daughter cells.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Identical copies of chromosomes that contain the same sequence and produce the same protein.
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes condense and become visible.
Define cytokinesis.
The division of the cytoplasm into two cells after mitosis.
What is a tumor?
A mass of cells undergoing uncontrolled cell division.
What is metastasis?
The spread of cancer from one location to another.
What is the significance of cell cycle checkpoints?
They regulate the cell cycle and can trigger apoptosis if activated.
What are sister chromatids?
Identical copies of a chromosome that are split during mitosis