Law Enforcement First test

Robert Peel

the “father” of modern policing.​

Peel persuaded Parliament to create the

London Metropolitan Police

British officers are known as?

Bobbies

The great innovation of Peel’s new police was its mission of

crime prevention.​

The period from the 1830s to 1900 is often called the

political era

Theodore Roosevelt

appointed one of the four commissioners of the police in 1895.​

August Vollmer

the father of American police professionalism.​

professionalization movement????

• Define policing as a profession.​

• Eliminate political influence from policing.​

• Appoint qualified chief executives.​

• Raise personnel standards.​

Patrol car

• First appeared just before the First World War and by the 1920s was in widespread use across the country.​

• Made patrol coverage efficient and effective.​

The Wickersham Commission.​

• Created by President Herbert Hoover in 1929 to study a wide range of issues in the American criminal justice system.​

O. W. Wilson.

• Major contribution to police management involved the efficient management of personnel, particularly patrol officers.​

Zoot Suit Riot

1943 Los Angeles riot brought attention to growing conflict between the police and the Latino community.​

J. Edgar Hoover

director of the Bureau of Investigation.​

Riot because An African American, was shot and killed by a white off-duty New York City police officer.​

long hot summers.

Kerner Commission

to study the riots and make recommendations for reform.​

President’s Crime Commission

conducted a comprehensive study of the entire criminal justice system.​

Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment

tested the effect of different levels of patrol on crime.​

• UCR​

Program generates reliable statistics for use in law enforcement.

NCVS

collects information on nonfatal personal crimes and household property crimes both reported and not reported to the police

• NIBRS​

captures details on each single crime incident—as well as on separate offenses within the same incident—including information on victims, known offenders, relationships between victims and offenders, arrestees, and property involved in crimes.

Early intervention system

• Computer-based system for police accountability.​

The National Police Crisis.​

• Supported an enormous burst of police reform legislation.​

• Heightened the awareness of how nominally race-neutral crime-fighting policies can result in significant racial disparities.​