Anatomy and Physiology - Muscle Tissue cp 10

Flashcards for reviewing muscle tissue anatomy and physiology.

Muscle Tissue

Primary function: convert chemical energy into mechanical energy for movement.

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What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

Skeletal muscle tissue

Striated, voluntary; moves bones.

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Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for moving bones?

Cardiac muscle tissue

Striated, involuntary; pumps blood in heart.

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What type of muscle tissue is found in the heart and what is its function?

Smooth muscle tissue

Non-striated, involuntary; moves substances in hollow organs.

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Which muscle tissue is responsible for moving substances in hollow organs??

Body movements

Integrated function of skeletal muscles, bones, and joints.

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What three components function together for integrated body movements?

Stabilizes body positions

Skeletal muscle contractions without movement.

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How do skeletal muscles stabilize body positions?

Moves substances within the body

All three muscle types function in different organ systems.

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Moves substances within the body using which muscle tissue?

Generates heat

Shivering of skeletal muscle maintains temperature homeostasis.

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How does shivering generate heat?

Electrical excitability

Produces action potentials in response to stimuli; shared with neurons.

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What is electrical excitability?

Contractility

Ability to shorten forcefully when stimulated.

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What is contractility?

Extensibility

Ability to stretch within limits without damage.

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What is extensibility?

Elasticity

Ability to return to original length after contraction.

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What is elasticity?

Skeletal muscle tissue

Cells are muscle fibers; muscle organ has hundreds to thousands of fibers.

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The cells of skeletal muscle consist of?

Connective tissue

Surrounds and protects skeletal muscle tissue.

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The tissue that surrounds and protects skeletal muscle tissue is?

Nerve and blood supply

Organ is well supplied.

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What structure is super supplied in the organ?

Hypodermis

Separates muscle from skin; insulates and protects.

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Insulation and protection that separates the muscle from the skin is?

Fascia

Unites muscles, carries nerves/vessels, fills spaces.

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What unites muscles, carries nerves and vessels, and fills spaces?

Tendon or aponeurosis

Connective tissue extension for muscle attachment.

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What is the connective tissue extension for muscle attachment??

Epimysium

Outermost layer encircles entire muscle organ.

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What is the outermost layer of the muscle?

Perimysium

Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles).

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What surrounds bundles of muscle fibers?

Endomysium

Separates each muscle fiber within fascicle.

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The separates each muscle fiber within the fascicle is known as?

Tendon

Attaches muscle to bone periosteum.

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Attachment of muscle to bone periosteum?

Aponeurosis

Attaches muscle to another muscle or bone.

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What is the attachment type of muscle to another muscle or bone?

Motor Neurons in Nerve

Stimulate muscles to contract; axon extends to muscle fibers.

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Stimulating muscles to contract using motor neurons in nerve and the axon extends to what?

Blood vessels

Supply oxygen and nutrients; remove wastes.

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Blood vessels supply what and remove what?

Muscle Fibers

Formed by fusion of myoblasts, multinucleate.

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Muscle fibers are formed by the fusion of what?

Hypertrophy

Enlargement of existing muscle fibers.

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Definition of hypertrophy?

Hyperplasia

Increase in number of muscle fibers from satellite cells.

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Definition of hyperplasia?

Sarcolemma

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.

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The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is the?

Transverse tubules (T-tubule)

Extensions of sarcolemma filled with interstitial fluid.

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Extensions of sarcolemma filled with what?

Sarcoplasm

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber; contains glycogen and myoglobin.

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The cytoplasm of muscle fiber contains what?

Myofibrils

Contractile organelles inside sarcoplasm.

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What organelles are inside the sarcoplasm?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Membranous organelle that wraps around each myofibril.

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What is the membranous organelle that wraps around each myofibril?

Terminal cisterns

Store and release Ca^{2+} to trigger contraction.

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Terminal cisterns store and release what to trigger contraction?

Sarcomere

Functional unit of contraction within myofibrils.

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Functional unit of contraction within myofibrils?

Z discs

Separates one sarcomere from next.

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The structure that separates one sarcomere from the next is?

A band

Darker middle with thick and thin overlapping.

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The darker middle with thick and thin overlapping is known as?

H zone

Narrow center with only thick filaments.

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The narrow center with only thick filaments is known as?

I band

Near Z discs with only thin filaments.

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Near Z discs with only thin filaments is known as what?

M line

Supporting protein in middle of sarcomere.

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The supporting protein in the middle of sarcomere is the?

Myosin

Thick myofilament with twisted golf club shape.

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What is a thick myofilament with twisted golf club shape?

Actin

Thin myofilament with myosin-binding site.

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The which type of myofilament contains a myosin-binding site?

Tropomyosin

Covers myosin-binding sites on actin.

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Covers myosin-binding sites on what?

Troponin

Binds Ca^{2+} and holds tropomyosin.

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Troponin binds what?

Titin

Anchors Z disc to M line.

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Titin anchors what?