4Q_1B_English (Composing and Developing Paragraph)

Paragraph

is a group of sentences organized to discuss a topic

Topic sentence

Supporting sentence

Concluding sentence

3 parts of a paragraph

Topic Sentence

presents the topic of the paragraph

Topic Sentence

it will serve as a guide for the writer to keep his or her writing under control

Topic Sentence

the “controlling idea” of a paragraph

Supporting Sentence

serve as the body of your paragraph

Supporting Sentence

This is where you elaborate your topic by including specific details or evidences

Supporting Sentence

All of the sentences in the body must relate the topic sentence

Supporting Sentence

These sentences should be organized accordingly through the use of transitional devices

Concluding Sentence

restates what the topic of the paragraph is all about

Concluding Sentence

It comes after all the details have been included in the body of the paragraph

Unity

means that all sentences in the paragraph talk about one central idea

Unity

This means that the writer will deal only with one topic.

Unity

It is important because it guides the writer with his or her idea.

Coherence

refers to the connections of ideas in the paragraph in general

Coherence

The idea in the topic sentence, as well as in the supporting sentences and concluding sentence, is connected to each other through the use of transitional devices

Development

refers to the principle when a paragraph describes, elaborates, explains, and supports its topic sentence

Development

A paragraph is considered adequately developed if after reading it, the reader is left with no questions

Narration

The paragraph tells a story or recounts a series of events.

Narration

It arranges the events or ideas in a chronological order which means the events are organized from beginning to end

Narration

This paragraph can be based on personal experience or on knowledge gained from reading or observation

Description

The paragraph is characterized by using more adjectives or vivid sensory description

Description

It creates a mental picture of the idea or the topic by describing how it sounds,

smells, tastes, feels, and/or looks

Description

It is often recommended to use transitional words and phrases that indicate location

Process

The paragraph is usually used to explain a process on how to do something.

Process

It uses transitional devices of enumeration (example: first, second, third) and time (example: then, next, finally).

Process

It is the right pattern of development when your purpose is to help your readers understand the steps in a process or procedure, or to give instructions

Exemplification

The paragraph uses series of examples to support the topic sentence. This means that to further explain the topic, the use of specific examples must be provided

Exemplification

The paragraph demonstrates comparison and/or contrast or examines how given subjects are either similar or different. It is highly recommended to use transitional

words and phrases that indicate comparison and contrast

Definition

The paragraph aims to give a complete working definition of a term, concept, or idea. One of the main features of this pattern is that it tells both what the term is and what it is not

Classification

The paragraph presents a topic and classifies it into component parts, types, kinds or categories. It distinguishes its parts by presenting the characteristics of each

Classification

It uses transitional phrases; can be divided, is a kind/type/part of, can be classified, falls under, can be categorized, is related to, associated with

Cause and Effect

This paragraph explains the reasons why something happened or explains the effects of something

Unity

Coherence

Development

Principles in writing a paragraph

Narration

Description

Process

Exemplification

Definition

Classification

Cause and effect

Different Patterns of writing a paragraph

Narrative Text

tells a story which can be fiction (made-up story) or non-fiction (real events)

Narrative Text

Shorts stories and other traditional tales are examples of fiction, while biographies are examples of narrative non-fiction.

Explanation Text

explains a particular subject or topic through ideas that support it. It is a kind of factual text that explains how or why things are

Explanation Text

It elaborates on how or why something occurs or give information on how to do something.

Expository Text

are also informational texts that present factual data on a topic through description, sequence, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and problem-solution

Procedural Text

lists a sequence of actions or steps needed to make or do something. Some examples include recipes, science experiments, assembly manuals, or instructions for playing games

Procedural Text

This should not be confused with explanations on processes, because procedural texts are more directive and imperative. They instruct readers on how to go about processes

Recount Text

retells past events which may either be personal or factual

Personal Recount

retells past events that the writer was personally involved in. Diary entries and short personal memoirs are examples of personal recounts

Factual Recount

retells events that also happened in real life but may not be about the writer himself/herself. News reports and witness statements are examples of factual recounting

Persuasive Text

intends to convince the readers/listeners to believe, perform a certain action or change mind. Examples of persuasive text types include advertisements, editorials, debate speeches, arguments, and persuasive essays and speeches