Aice Sociology study cards

What did Anderson describe society as in 1983?

“imagined communities“

What did Eisenstadt believe?

youth culture provides a way of dealing with stress from industrys providing a group of peers who are like-minded.

What group was eisenstadt apart of?

Functionalism

Who believed in the 3 forms of feminine identity: Contingent, Assertive, and Autonomous

Oakley

Which one of Oakley’s femine identitys were framed and shaped by male beliefs, behaviors, and demands

Contingent

What is assertive identity

reflect the changing position of women in many societies (involves women breaking free from tradition ideas about feminintes.)

What does autonomous femininitys involve?

Competition with men on female terms.

What did Oakley also believe? and what are the 4 parts of this

Children are socialized into gender roles.

1) manipulation- stressing the importance of apperance for girls or being brave for boys

2) canalization- channeling children time and attitudes to different activitys (Cleaning+ wrestling)

3) Verbal appellation- how children are spoken to

4) different activities- what children see their parents do

who believed that argued that there is a correspondence between school norms and workpale norms, creating uncomplaining workers.

Bowles & Gintis

What did potter believe ?

short term effects of advertising of media and behavior

What did Marx believe?

Argued that class conflict is the basic of a modern capitalist society whereby the bourgeoise condition the proletariat into a sense of class consciousness

What did Althusser believe in?

ISA (ideological state apparatuses including education systems, family ,media ) RSA (Repressive state apparatuses army, police, prison).

What did Garfinkel demonstrate?

demonstrated hte weak nature of out beliefs about social order by disrupting peoples daily routines and observing how upset and confused and angry people became

Who developed a perspective called structuration

Giddens

What does structuration outline?

The importance. of both structure and action in considereing relationship between society and the individual

What did Adorno and Horkheimer argue?

ruling-class ideology is passed on through a culture industry that creates forms of popular culture which is consumed uncritically by the people. This means the bourgeoisie controls the means of mental production

What are webers 2 types of power

1) force of coercive power, where people are forced to obey under threat of punsihment

2) consenual power , whole people obey because they beleive its right to do so

Who argued that power in modern societies are difficult from power in past societys

foucault

What did Miller Identity?

Features of working-class subcultures: trouble, toughness, smartness, excitemnet, fate, autonomy

What does Aries argue?

Childhood in the modern sense did not exist in the middle ages (children in the middle ages were seen as adults )

Who believed in 2 forms of dominant gender identitys

Connell

What were the two forms of gender identitys?

Hogemonic masculinity and emphasized feminity.

What did Merton aruge?

all objects posess a manifest function and a latent function

What did Postman believe?

children today are exposed to the adult world earlier throguh what they see tv/media

What effect did Mayo establish and what does it refer to

hawthorne effect, change in behavior directly resulting from manipulations

Who conducted a study of US daytime television that identified and analyzed the sterotypical roles played by female characters in soap operas

Meehan

What did Rosenthal & Jacobson experiment show and what effect was created ?

pygmalian effect, saw if teacher expectation had an impact on the ability of the student

What study did Venkatesh conduct?

Gang study, studied young gang memebrs from their viewpoint of why they do things

What did miligram measure

the willingess of participents to obey an authroity figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience .

Who suspected that doctors could nto accurately diagnose schizophrenia and sent students dispaying false symptoms into hospitals to test his hypothesis?

Rosenhan

What was Wallis contribution/expirement?

Wanted to research sciententoligy within a church who refused access to current members. He contacted former memebers and based his research on their opinions and experiences.

What was Heys Experiment

Triangulation, studied girls friendship using a combonation of participant observation and personal documentation.

What 2 things was Hey’s experiment based on?

Participant Observation and Personal documentation

Who characterized familys with 4 characteristics and what were the 4?

Murdock

1) common residence

2) economic co-operation

3) adults of both sexes

4) one or more children, own or adopted

Who argued that the nuclear family is the universal social unit?

Murdock

What did Parsons argue?

The family performs only 2 essential functions

1) primary socialization

2) stabilization of adult personalitys

Who supported the idea of primary socialization or stabilization of adult personalities ?

Parsons

Who argued the function parsons talks about never really occured in the first place as many children were neglected?

Fletcher

Who identified the core functions of the contempory family as being procreation and child-rearing, regulation of sexual behavior, and provision of a home (physical and emotional)

Fletcher

What view did Anderson argue (1995)

There was no one dominant family structure during the industrialization process

Who suggested that the process of industrialization put pressure on the living space amonst the poor that satisfied a number of purposes such as lack of health care or the fact that ppl cant read or write

anderson

Who believed a familys role is to support capalist society in 3 ways: ideological control, economically, and politically

Zaretsky

What did zaretsky argue?

Socialization involves the passing on of a ruling-class ideology

What did Bourdieu aruge?

Class inequlity is reproduced through generations and that both cultural and material factors influce achievemnets and are interrelated.

Who argued that women perform unpaid labor that helps prop up capitalism also known as triple shift. (time and energy women invest in psychological wellbeing of family memebrs )

duncombe and marsden

What did Brugel argue?

women are a reserve army of labor and called into the workforce when there is a shortage of labor and forced back into the family when there is a surplus