DNA Structure and Fingerprinting

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to DNA structure and fingerprinting as discussed in the lecture.

DNA

The genetic material found in all living organisms, comprising a double helix structure.

DNA Fingerprinting

A technique used to analyze DNA fragments to identify similarities and differences among individuals.

Gel Electrophoresis

A method that uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments based on size.

Restriction Enzymes

Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, producing fragments of varying lengths.

RFLP

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; a method used in DNA fingerprinting to analyze the length of DNA fragments.

Chromosomes

Tightly wound DNA and protein that carry genetic information, organized for cell division.

Diploid

A cell or organism with two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

A cell or organism with one complete set of chromosomes, such as sperm or egg cells.

Antiparallel

The orientation of the two strands of DNA running in opposite directions.

Nucleotides

The basic building blocks of DNA, consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.