bio 111 lab quiz ummm seed plants

angiosperms

covered seeds, flowering plants

gymnosperms

naked seeds in cones

conifers

type of gynosperm (pine)

primary growth

increased height, roots

secondary growth

increased width, production of wood

pollen

removes the need for water to reproduce

seeds

protective "case" with a source of food

Microgameophyte

a pollen grain for seed plants, gametophyte that produces sperm

endosperm

food-rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows

cone

modified stem bearing a tight cluster of scaled specialized for reproduction

megasporangium

ovule

carpel

stigma, style, and ovary

stamen

anther and filament

ovule

the female sporangium and gametophyte, becomes seed

flowers

leaves that have been modified for reproduction

pollination

transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma

fungi

decomposes, euks, multicellular, chitin, asexual spores, intermediates growth, secrete enzymes to decompose matter

hyphae

each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

Mycelium

mass of hyphae, multicellular for food storage

coenocytic hyphae

do not contain septa

septate hyphae

hyphae whose cells are divided by septa

diffuse hyphae

search for food source

dense hyphae

colonize a rich source of food

plasogamy

fusion of cytoplasm

Mature zygosporangium

site of meiosis

karyogamy

fusion of diploid nuclei, producing haploid

exploitive competition

one individual consumes all of the resource for itself, preventing any others to get it

ectomicorrhizae

do not invade cells

endomicrorhizae

invade cells but not plasma membrane

bud

undeveloped stems, gives rise to new leaves, branches, flowers

shoot system

stems, leaves, flowers

root system

Anchors plant and absorbs water and nutrients.

meristems

areas of cell division

apical meristem

Primary Growth occurs by increasing cell number and cell size. Found at tips of ROOTS and SHOOTS and MAKES PRIMARY VASCULAR TISSUE, (Xylem and Phloem)

lateral meristems

leads to secondary growth

parenchymal tissue

thin pencil like cell walls, alive @ functional maturity

collenchyma

thick walled & alive at maturity

sclerenchyma tissue

very thick cell walls, no lumen, dead at functional maturity

homozygous

identical alleles

Heterozygous

two different alleles

t test

determine if control and experimental groups are statistically different

chi square

test sample data and expected sample are statistically the same

null hypothesis

the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.

sieve plates

areas between the cells of the phloem where the walls become perforated giving many gaps and a sieve-like appearance that allows the phloem contents to flow through.

heterosporous

A plant that produces two kinds of spores, male and female

heterokaryotic

A fungal life cycle stage that contains two genetically different nuclei in the same cell.

dikaryotic

having two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent, in a fungal mycelium

4 groups of fungi

mucodomycota, glameromycota, asomycota, basidiomycota

Mucoromycota

mold, rhizopus, exploitive competitors

Glameromycota

supply minerals/nutrients to plants

asomycota

yeats, penicillin

conidia spore

type of asomycota, asexual spores

ascospores

type of asomycota, sexual spores