Phases of Supervision of Correctional supervision,Elderly offenders,Judcial Inspectorate for Correctional Supervision

Cluster 1 of offender complaints in JICS

Appeals,Bail,Legal Representation

These fall outside JICS mandate and are sent to Legal Aid SA who can assist inmate

Cluster 2 of offender complaints in JICS

Conversion of sentence,Medical release,reclassification of sentence,Parole,Rehabilitation programs

Deals with sentenced offenders and their complaints of rehabilitation and release process

Complainers include “lifers” who want to be released early,missing documents

Cluster 3 of offender complaints in JICS

Complaints over transfers

Transfer occurs if: transfer is compulsory,will benefit inmate of DCS or transfer reduces overcrowding and strengthens family

Cluster 4 of offender Complaints in JICS mandate

Hunger strikes,food,healthcare

Hunger striker=prsn who goes long periods no food/water for long periods and mentally able

Cluster 5 of offender complaints in JICS

Violence and Confiscation and assault

Steps:

After violence JICS interviews inmate and obtains statement of incident

Medical reports and DCS internal report obtained from Head of Correctional Centre(HCC)

JICS assesses findings and gives recommendation to DCS

Complaints include(Assault=all types)

Phase 1 Correctional/Parole Supervision

History of violence =Visited at home 4x month=working hourse

Prev violated parole/cs conditions=Visited at work more than 1x=4 hrs shopping per week

Sexual offender/crimes of kids/elderly=Visit community corrections office 2x month=Compulsory attendance of community service and programs

Phase 2 Correction/Parole supervision

Only 1 prev case violent crime=Visted 3x month home=working hours

No sexual crimes/crime on kids/elderly=Visited at work 2x month and Visit community corrections office 1x month=6 hours shopping per week and compulsory attendance of community service and programs

Phase 3 Community/Parole supervision

No prev record violent crimes=Visited 2x home=working hours

No violation parole conditions=Visited at work 1x month=2 FREE hours a week(mon-fri)

No sexual crimes/crime against kid/elderly=Visit community corrections office 1x month=6 hours shopping per day(sat sun) and compulsory attendance of community service and programs

Phase 4 Community corrections/Parole supervision

No previous record violent crimes=Visited 1x home=working hours

No parole violations=Visited 1x every 2nd month=3 free hours per week

No sexual/kid/elderly=Visit community corrections office 1x every 2nd month=8 hour shopping per day(sat sun)

Doesn’t pose as threat=none=Compulsory attendance of community service and programs

Phase 5 Correctional Supervision/Parole supervision

Complied with all conditions of supervision=visited 1x home every 2nd month=working hours

House arrest/community service suspended=visited at work 1x every 2nd month=4 free hours per week

Exit phase=visit community corrections office 1x every 2nd month=8 hours shopping per day(sat sun)

Population of elderly offender

“greying” offender population

What are elderly offenders considered

Elderly offenders are considered vulnerable groups bc of their physical and mental health issues, victimization, reintegration struggles and dying in CC’s.

Typology 1 of elderly offender

Inmate who aged in incarceration:

AKA “lifers”

received life or long prison sentence, cc becomes their home

Likely to die in CC

Less frequent family contact

Typology 2 of elderly offender

Career/Chronic offenders:

Regarded as aging recidivists

Typology 3 of elderly offender

Received prison sentence late in life:

No prior experience to life in a cc

Transition to prison challenging and often consider suicide

Main findings in elderly offender case study

Average age 65

Most completed primary school but 11 didn’t get any at all

3 main categories of crime:Sexual offenses, violent crimes,economic crimes

Elderly didnt take accountability for crimes said were falsely accused, framed

Majority had health problems (back pain,heart problems,diabetes,arthritis) but never treated/diagnosed

Challenges experienced by them:Standing in lines,Difficulty getting off bed(bunk),climbing stairs

Study showed elderly experienced assault and victimization

Stuff stolen and verbally assaulted by younger inmates

Police may use minimum force

For self defense

For defense of another

To prevent escaping and protect property

May use mechanical restraints when

It’s necessary for safety of inmate or another prsn

To prevent damage to property

If suspicion exists that inmate might escape

Request by court

Female offenders crime categories

Murder, armed robbery, theft, child abuse, fraud

Pollsmoor female cc

Controlled by “kitchen ladies” aka “adjutants”

They control food and smuggling of tabaco

Only way to survive =find tronk ma

Tronk ma=correctional official who adopt inmate in exchange for deposits in her shoprite account or sexual relations (slonga=same sex relationship)

Use “toppies” to punish inmates=hit top fingertip with broom

What happened after 1994 Development transformation of DCS

1.Demilitarization of DCS

2.Introduction of human rights inside CC for staff and offenders

3.Implementation of electronic monitoring for probationers and parolees on correctional supervision

4.Establishment of 2 Private maximum security CC’s in Bloemfontein and Makhado

5.Developed treatment programs for juvenile and established Youth Facilities