states that when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties.
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groups
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number; also called a family.
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periods
a horizontal row of elements in the modern periodic table.
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representative elements
elements from groups 1, 2, and 13-18 in the modern periodic table, possessing a wide range of chemical and physical properties.
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transition metals
elements in groups 3-12 of the modern periodic table and are further divided into transition metals and inner transition metals.
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ion
an atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
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ionization energy
the energy that is required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom; generally increases in moving left-to-right across a period and decreases in moving down a group.
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octet rule
states that atoms lose, gain, or share electrons in order to acquire the stable electron configuration of noble gas.
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electronegativity
indicates the relative ability of an element’s atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
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