chem chapter 2 kinetic particle theory

kinetic particle of theory

**the kinetic particle of theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and these particles are in constant and random motion

solids

liquids

gases

changes of state

physical change

physical change

boiling point = point of condensation as at the boiling point, gas condenses to create smoke

smoke is liquid particles

energy changes during interconversion of physical states in substances diagram

heating curve

why is a temperature a constant during melting/boiling (change of state)?

-energy is taken in to overcome the attractive forces between particles

cooling curve

why is temperature a constant during freezing/condensation(change of state)?

-energy is given out to formate the attractive forces between particles

drawing of graph or curve

describing melting/boiling/evaporation using KPT

when describing anything, always state before and after ***

describing freezing/condensation using KPT

expansion and contraction of KPT

1. substance is heated/cooled, particles gain/lose thermal energy which is then converted to kinetic energy

2. particles move/vibrate more/less vigourously

3. particles move further/closer apart

4. occupies more/less space, volume increases/decreases

5. expand/contract

• vibrate → solid

• move → liquid/gases

examples of expansion and contraction

sublimation

sublimation is the process by which a solid changes directly into a gas

sublimation : solid to gas

vapour deposition

vapour deposition : gas to solid

During vapour deposition , the particles transfers thermal energy to the surroundings to formate the attractive forces between particles, so the attractive forces between the particles become stronger

-vapour deposition is the opposite of sublimation