Oral Liquids -[Advantages & Problems in Manufacturing]

✔ Ease of administration

✔ Faster onset of action

✔ Flexible dosing

✔ Improved bioavailability

✔ Simple manufacturing process

✔ Better patient compliance

Advantages of oral liquid dosage forms include [6]

Coalescence

A form of emulsion instability where dispersed droplets merge to form larger droplets than aggregates.

True

[T/F]

Coalescence results in complete separation of the phases

• Physical instability (sedimentation, caking, creaming)

• Chemical instability (hydrolysis, oxidation)

• Microbial contamination

• Solubility and precipitation issues

• Incompatibilities

• Palatability and patient compliance issues

• Packaging and storage concerns

Major problems in oral liquid manufacturing include [7]

• Sedimentation

• Caking

• Creaming

Example of Physical instability [3]

• Hydrolysis

• Oxidation

Example of Chemical Instability [2]

flocculating agent

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

Physical instability (sedimentation, caking, creaming)

• Remedy: use______ to promote controlled aggregation

preservatives (but causes allergies)

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

Microbial contamination

• Remedy: _______ ?

solubilizing agent

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

Solubility and precipitation issues

• Remedy: ______ ?

flavor (but volatile so combine with oil base = stomach discomfort)

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

Palatability and patient compliance issues

• Remedy:_______ ?

complementing

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

There are some nasty tasting drugs you are never going to be able to mask and you are better off _______ ?

Poor solubility

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

_____ - can limit the effectiveness of a drug, as it may not dissolve sufficiently in the gastrointestinal tract to be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Oral liquids

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

_____-liquids are susceptible to microbial growth.

Regulatory scrutiny

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

_____- is also increasing around extractable and leachable – chemicals that can migrate from packaging materials (like plastics) into the drug product over time.

Single-use containers

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

____- [Single-use/ Multi-dose] containers reduce the risk of contamination and eliminate the need for preservatives but may increase environmental waste and logistical complexity.

Multi-dose containers

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

_______- [Single-use/ Multi-dose] containers , require robust preservative systems to minimize contamination risk with repeated use.

True

[Problems in Manufacturing Oral Liquids]

[T/F]

Manufacturing systems need to be flexible enough to handle varying batch sizes, rapid changeovers, and potentially more complex formulations . Also extends to implementing new technologies, such as advanced solubility enhancement or novel packaging solutions, without disrupting existing operations.