Adaptive Immunity - review

Igs

immunoglobulins

B cells

cells that mature in bone marrow

produce large amount of anitbodies

T cells

thymus cells (where they mature)

antigens

immunogens that specifically react with B and T cells

generate antibodies

epitopes

parts of antigens that bind to antibody

MHC

major histocompatibility complex

molecules on APC cell surface that hold the antigen

called HLAs in humans

MHC I

found on the surface of virtually all nucleated cells (not RBCs)

present intracellular antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

cytotoxic T cells

????

MHC II

only found on APCs and B cells

present extracellular antigens to CD4+ T cells (T helpers)

HLAs

human leukocyte antigens

somewhat unique to each person » each HLA type binds certain antigens better than others

Tregs

T cells in placenta

they promote tolerance of the fetus and shut off any immune attacks

classes of antibodies

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

IgG

IgM

IgA

IgD

IgE

antibody structure

made of two light and two heavy chains

each chain has a variable region and a constant region

V_L and V_H

variable regions of a chain

responsible for binding antigen

Fc

constant region

responsible for binding other cells via FcR to activate their effector functions

FcR

Fc receptors (constant region receptors)

RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes

?????

Types of T cells

CD4+ and CD8+

CD4+ T cells

helper T cells that direct the immune response

what are the different CD4+ T cells

Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg

(Th = T helper)

(Treg = T regulatory)

CD8+ T cells

cytotoxic T cells

CTL

cytotoxic T cells (another name for them)

TCRs

T cell antigen receptors

Th1

Th2

Th17

Treg