Honors Biology Semester 1 Final Exam

Honors Biology

Psalm 127:1 (Answer with blanks only)

"Unless the Lord _____ the _____, those who _____ it labor in _____. Unless the Lord _____ over the _____, the watchman _____ _____ in vain."

builds, house, build, vain, watches, city, stays, awake

John 1:1-2 (Answer with blanks only)

"In the _____ was the Word, and the Word was _____ _____, and the Word _____ _____. He was in the _____ with God."

beginning, with, God, was, God, beginning

Ephesians 2:4-5 (Answer with blanks only)

"But God, being _____ in _____, because of the great _____ with which he _____ us, even when we were _____ in our _____, made us _____ together with _____..."

rich, mercy, love, loved, dead, trespasses, alive, Christ

1 Corinthians 12:12, 27 (Answer with blanks only)

"For just as the _____ is one and has many members... so it is with _____. Now you are the _____ of _____ and individually _____ of it."

body, Christ, body, Christ, members

Matthew 9:37-38 (Answer with blanks only)

"Then he said to his _____, 'The harvest is _____, but the _____ are few; therefore, pray _____ to the _____ of the harvest to _____ out laborers into his _____.'"

disciples, plentiful, laborers, earnestly, Lord, send, harvest

Psalm 133:1 (Answer with blanks only)

"How _____ and _____ is it when _____ dwell in _____!"

good, pleasant, brothers, unity

1 Corinthians 10:31 (Answer with blanks only)

"So whether you _____ or _____ or whatever you do, do it _____ for the _____ of _____."

eat, drink, all, glory, God

John 6:35 (Answer with blanks only)

"Then _____ declared, 'I am the _____ of _____. Whoever comes to _____ will never go _____, and whoever _____ in me will never be _____.'"

Jesus, bread, life, me, hungry, believes, thirsty

Sharon is looking to improve her 50m swim time and has incorporated weight training 5x/week as part of her daily routine. Before weight training, she was drinking a gallon of water a day and eating approximately 1,800 calories, getting 7-8 hours of sleep. After adding in weight training, all of that data stayed the same. She changed nothing about her swim technique. Sharon continued in these habits for four weeks and swam 50m at the end of the experiment for time.

What would be the hypothesis of Sharon’s experiment?

If Sharon incorporates weight training 5x/week as part of her daily routine, will her 50m swim time improve?

Sharon is looking to improve her 50m swim time and has incorporated weight training 5x/week as part of her daily routine. Before weight training, she was drinking a gallon of water a day and eating approximately 1,800 calories, getting 7-8 hours of sleep. After adding in weight training, all of that data stayed the same. She changed nothing about her swim technique. Sharon continued in these habits for four weeks and swam 50m at the end of the experiment for time.

What is the control group?

everything except the weight training 5x/week

Sharon is looking to improve her 50m swim time and has incorporated weight training 5x/week as part of her daily routine. Before weight training, she was drinking a gallon of water a day and eating approximately 1,800 calories, getting 7-8 hours of sleep. After adding in weight training, all of that data stayed the same. She changed nothing about her swim technique. Sharon continued in these habits for four weeks and swam 50m at the end of the experiment for time.

What is the experimental group?

weight training 5x/week

Sharon is looking to improve her 50m swim time and has incorporated weight training 5x/week as part of her daily routine. Before weight training, she was drinking a gallon of water a day and eating approximately 1,800 calories, getting 7-8 hours of sleep. After adding in weight training, all of that data stayed the same. She changed nothing about her swim technique. Sharon continued in these habits for four weeks and swam 50m at the end of the experiment for time.

What is the independent variable?

weight training 5x/week

Sharon is looking to improve her 50m swim time and has incorporated weight training 5x/week as part of her daily routine. Before weight training, she was drinking a gallon of water a day and eating approximately 1,800 calories, getting 7-8 hours of sleep. After adding in weight training, all of that data stayed the same. She changed nothing about her swim technique. Sharon continued in these habits for four weeks and swam 50m at the end of the experiment for time.

What is the dependent variable?

50m swim time

Sharon is looking to improve her 50m swim time and has incorporated weight training 5x/week as part of her daily routine. Before weight training, she was drinking a gallon of water a day and eating approximately 1,800 calories, getting 7-8 hours of sleep. After adding in weight training, all of that data stayed the same. She changed nothing about her swim technique. Sharon continued in these habits for four weeks and swam 50m at the end of the experiment for time.

Are there any design flaws in this experiment?

no

Share three properties of water and give an example of how you see this displayed in nature. (Properties)

1. Water exhibits cohesion (Water droplets forming on the outside of leaves)

2. Water exhibits adhesion (Water sticking to the inside of your straw due to adhesion)

3. Water has a very high specific heat (At the beach, the weather is much cooler than other areas)

4. Water is less dense as a solid than a liquid (Ice caps in the polar biomes are able to float)

5. Water is the universal solvent (Sugar (solute) dissolves when added to warm coffee (solvent) and forms a “homogenous” mixture)

Answer with numbers only.

___ Activation energy

___ Gibbs free energy

___ Reactants

___ Products

___ Change in energy

___ Time/Reaction progress

___ Reaction WITH an enzyme

___ Reaction WITHOUT an enzyme

5 1 2 6 8 7 4 3

There is a process known as glycolysis that is responsible for the breakdown of glucose in all living organisms. This process involves 10 unique enzymes, each of which have a specific substrate that will bind in order to activate them. However, if glycolysis occurs too rapidly, the body will produce more ATP (energy) than is necessary, leading to specific health problems. in order to regulate glycolysis, natural biological inhibitors are used to “pause” and “restart” the process.

One specific inhibitor is known for binding to the enzyme at a site different from the active site. Explain which type of inhibitor this would be, and how the inhibitor would cause the enzyme to become inactive.

It is a non-competitive inhibitor because it binds to the enzyme at a different site other than the active site.

List five organelles, explain their functions, and identify if they are found in plant cells (P), animal cells, or both (A&P).

1. Cell wall: structural support in plants (P)

2. Chloroplast: photosynthesis (P)

3. Nucleus: houses the DNA (A&P)

4. Nucleolus: surrounds the nucleus during interphase (A&P)

5. Ribosome: protein synthesis (A&P)

6. Mitochondria: create ATP (A&P)

7. Cell/plasma membrane: surrounds the cell, acts as a barrier (A&P)

8. Cytoplasm: the “jelly” inside the cell (A&P)

9. Lysosome: breaks down molecules (A&P)

10. Central Vacuole: stores water (P)

11. Golgi apparatus: packages proteins (A&P)

12. Rough ER: protein synthesis (A&P)

13. Smooth ER: lipid synthesis (A&P)

A cell that contains a solute concentration of 0.5M glucose is placed into a solution containing 0.2M glucose.

What type of solution would this be? (hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic)

hypotonic

A cell that contains a solute concentration of 0.5M glucose is placed into a solution containing 0.2M glucose.

Where is the concentration of solute highest? (solution or cell)

cell

A cell that contains a solute concentration of 0.5M glucose is placed into a solution containing 0.2M glucose.

Where is the concentration of water highest? (solution or cell)

solution

A cell that contains a solute concentration of 0.5M glucose is placed into a solution containing 0.2M glucose.

Where will the net movement of water be? (into solution or into cell)

into cell

List the three major stages of the cell cycle, as well as a brief description of what occurs in each.

Interphase: cell grows (G1), replicates (S), and grows more

Mitosis: cells divide into two identical daughter cells with four steps: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (PMAT)

Cytokinesis: the last “cut” that separates the two new daughter cells

List at least three major macromolecules with a description of: 1) how much energy this macromolecule contains per gram, 2) two functions, and 3) if this macromolecule is better suited for endurance athletes, sprint-focused athletes, both or neither with an explanation for your choice. 

1. Macromolecule: Carbohydrate

   Energy: 4 cal/g

   Two functions: Energy, structural support

   Best suited for: Sprint-focused athletes, because carbs are used first by the body.

   ---

2. Macromolecule: Protein

   Energy: 4 cal/g

   Two functions: Enzymes, hormones, structural support, transportation, antibodies, food source

   Best suited for: Both, because protein is used for recovery and muscle repair.

   ---

3. Macromolecule: Lipid

   Energy: 9 cal/g

   Two functions: Energy, insulation, hormones, structure

   Best suited for: Endurance athletes, because lipids contain more energy used for longer durations.

What is the cellular respiration equation? List out the reactants and products in the chemical equation.

C₆H₁₂O₆  + 6O₂ → H₂O  + CO₂ 

Which of the following does not qualify as a definition of science?

A) Science is a study of the natural world

B) Science is a body of facts

C) Science is a process of understanding, using the scientific method

D) Science is not a study of the supernatural

B) Science is a body of facts

Sarah, a 45-year-old mom, is determined to find the best skincare products that make her look 25 again (or so she hopes). Using the scientific method to guide her, what would be her final step?

A) Observe the current state of her skin

B) Analyze the data that came from the results of the various skincare products

C) Draw conclusions about which skincare product is the best for making her ageless

D) Create a hypothesis to determine what the objective of her overall experiment will be

C) Draw conclusions about which skincare product is the best for making her ageless

Louis Pasteur, a French chemist, was known for

A) Disproving the spontaneous generation theory

B) Proving the spontaneous generation theory

C) Identifying the major principles of vaccination and pasteurization

D) Both A and C

D) Both A and C

How did the discovery of HeLa cells prove to be unethical?

A) Henrietta Lacks' cells never died, making them invincible

B) Henrietta Lacks' cells were used in scientific research without her permission

C) Henrietta Lacks' cells divided so rapidly, they became dangerous for use on other humans

D) None of the above

B) Henrietta Lacks' cells were used in scientific research without her permission

Milgram's experiment was widely criticized for violating research ethics. Why was it unethical?

A) Milgram wanted to identify how much voltage would potentially kill a human being

B) Milgram used animals in the conduction of his research

C) Milgram only tested subjects that were unwilling to participate

D) Milgram did not fully disclose the purpose of the study to the subjects

D) Milgram did not fully disclose the purpose of the study to the subjects

All of the following are questions science can answer, except

A) "How many people have gone to heaven?"

B) "Why does water influence brain function?"

C) "What is the oldest fossil ever found?"

D) "Through what process does the earth revolve around the sun?"

A) "How many people have gone to heaven?"

In Jeremy's efforts to improve his athletic performance, he adds a new supplement to his diet that contains compounds known to increase oxygen-binding capabilities in the blood. The more oxygen that is bound to your blood, the more ATP (energy) you can produce, and thus potentially increase your athletic performance. In this scenario, what is the independent variable?

A) Jeremy's athletic performance

B) The supplement

C) The amount of oxygen bound to Jeremy's blood cells

D) Both A & C

B) The supplement

In the example from #7, what is the dependent variable?

A) Jeremy's athletic performance

B) The supplement

C) The amount of oxygen bound to Jeremy's blood cells

D) Both A & C

D) Both A & C

I am collecting data from my experiment, where the objective was to identify the efficacy (effectiveness) of a sleep aid in women 30-40 years old. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

A) The sleep aid

B) The quality of sleep

C) The age of the women

A) The sleep aid

From #9, what was the dependent variable in the experiment?

A) The sleep aid

B) The quality of sleep

C) The age of the women

B) The quality of sleep

What might be the potential outcome in an experiment where there is no control group?

A) There would be a greater reliability of the data that was produced

B) There would be an unclear understanding of the results because there is no baseline for comparison

C) A control group is only used for specific experiments so if it is not used, that would not affect the overall objective

B) There would be an unclear understanding of the results because there is no baseline for comparison

The distance in one mile is equal to 5,280 ft. This would be an example of a

A) Qualitative observation

B) Quantitative observation

B) Quantitative observation

Salt & Straw is a famous ice cream chain. I notice as I walk in the store, it smells like the waffle cones at Disneyland. This would be an example of a

A) Qualitative observation

B) Quantitative observation

A) Qualitative observation

Which of the following is not a major element found in all living organisms?

A) Hydrogen

B) Carbon

C) Potassium

D) Nitrogen

C) Potassium

Which of the following is the correct charge associated with a proton?

A) +

B) -

C) 0

A) +

Which of the following is the correct charge associated with an electron?

A) +

B) -

C) 0

B) -

Carbon is located on the periodic table with an atomic number of "6". What does this number represent?

A) The amount of neutrons present

B) The number of bonds that carbon is able to create with other elements

C) The quantity of protons, located in the nucleus

D) The quantity of electrons, located in the nucleus

C) The quantity of protons, located in the nucleus

The major distinction between hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds is

A) Hydrophobic compounds contain nonpolar covalent bonds and do not mix

B) Hydrophobic compounds contain polar covalent bonds and do not mix with water

C) Hydrophobic compounds contain ionic bands and do not mix with water

D) Hydrophobic compounds contain nonpolar covalent bonds and mix well with water

A) Hydrophobic compounds contain nonpolar covalent bonds and do not mix

An example of a compound that is hydrophobic would be

A) Lemonade

B) Salt

C) Vegetable oil

D) Carrots

C) Vegetable oil

An example of a compound that is hydrophilic would be

A) Balsamic vinegar (water-based)

B) Iced tea

C) Sparkling water

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

How is an ionic bond unique from a polar covalent bond?

A) An ionic bond shares electrons unequally, while a polar covalent bond transfers them

B) An ionic bond transfers electrons, while a polar covalent bond shares them unequally

C) An ionic bond shares electrons equally, while a polar covalent bond

transfers them them equally

D) An ionic bond transfers electrons, while a polar covalent bond shares them equally

B) An ionic bond transfers electrons, while a polar covalent bond shares them unequally

When we digest our food, chemical bonds are broken and the result is a release of

A) Glucose

B) Sugar

C) Mitochondria

D) Energy

D) Energy

I notice that some leaves will float on water; what property is water contributing to this observation?

A) Water's ability to maintain a stable temperature, despite the external environment

B) Water's ability to create surface tension through hydrogen bonds

C) Water's ability to act as the universal solvent

D) Water's ability to act both cohesively and adhesively

B) Water's ability to create surface tension through hydrogen bonds

Through which real-life scenario do we see water's property of "high specific heat"?

A) Ice floating in the polar regions

B) Water being drawn up through a tree's trunk

C) Coffee and sugar dissolving

D) Cooler temperatures at the beach vs. the desert on a hot day

D) Cooler temperatures at the beach vs. the desert on a hot day

There are unique bonds called ____________________ bonds that exist between water molecules, but within water molecules, ____________________ bonds are formed.

A) Hydrogen, polar covalent

B) Hydrogen, nonpolar covalent

C) Hydrogen, ionic

D) Hydrogen, non-hydrogen

A) Hydrogen, polar covalent

What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?

A) Enzymes will increase the rate of reaction by increasing the activation energy

B) Enzymes will increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy

C) Enzymes will increase the rate of reaction by allowing bonds to form with ATP

D) None of the above

B) Enzymes will increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy

During an exothermic reaction, energy is

A) Released

B) Absorbed

C) Combined with the environment

D) Unaffected

A) Released

Glucose is broken down during the process of glycolysis. What type of reaction would this be considered?

A) Exothermic

B) Endothermic

C) Catabolic

D) Both A & C

D) Both A & C

Glucose is formed during the process of photosynthesis. What type of reaction would this be considered?

A) Exothermic

B) Endothermic

C) Catabolic

D) Both A & C

B) Endothermic

What might hinder activation of an enzyme?

A) Competition inhibition

B) Noncompetitive inhibition

C) Temperature, pH

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

What does the Lock & Key Model describe, in reference to enzyme activation?

A) It describes the process by which enzymes are activated, with the use of a product binding to the active site

B) It describes the uniqueness of a product, based on the type of enzyme that formed it

C) It describes the uniqueness of each active site, which only specific reactants/substrates will be able to bind to

D) It describes how certain molecules will inhibit enzyme activation

C) It describes the uniqueness of each active site, which only specific reactants/substrates will be able to bind to

A particular prescription drug prevents pain by binding to specific enzymes that will trigger a "cascade response" in a cell, leading to the sensation of pain. If this drug binds directly to the enzyme's active site, what type of inhibitor is this?

A) Non Competitive

B) Competitive

C) Allosteric

D) None of the above

B) Competitive

In #32, how might this drug prevent the enzyme from being activated if it binds to the active site?

A) It will cause the active site to change its shape, inhibiting the reactant/substrate to bind

B) It will cause the enzyme to shut down entirely through a series of chemical reactions

C) It will cause the active site to be physically blocked, inhibiting the reactant/substrate to bind

D) All of the above

C) It will cause the active site to be physically blocked, inhibiting the reactant/substrate to bind

The enzyme, amylase, is responsible for the breaking down of starch. What might happen to amylase if exposed to very high temperatures?

A) It will be denatured, changing its shape

B) It will be nonfunctional

С) It will be unable to bind to the substrate

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

How is substrate concentration related to product formation, in enzymatic reactions?

A) There is an exponential relationship between amount of substrate present and the product that can be formed; the reaction rate will never plateau

B) The substrate will ultimately transform into the product by the enzyme; the more substrate present, the more product that will be formed but the reaction rate can plateau

C) Substrates bind to the active site which hinders product formation, leading to a decline in reaction rate

D) None of the above

B) The substrate will ultimately transform into the product by the enzyme; the more substrate present, the more product that will be formed but the reaction rate can plateau

There is a vast array of cell types that exist within most living organisms. Although all cells have the same DNA within the organism, each cell type does not look the same. Why is this the case?

A) Structure determines function; not all cells have the same structure, therefore, they will not all have the same function

B) There are multiple genes that can be turned on or off, which will determine the overall structure and function of each cell

C) There is a mysterious mechanism that controls the determination of the cell function; we do not know why all cells do not look the same

D) Only A & B

D) Only A & B

How would we describe the function of stem cells?

A) Stem cells are derived only from human embryos, used to determine cell types

B) Stem cells are derived from multiple places, and are a blank canvas that can become any cell type

C) Stem cells are used only for research purposes and are artificially made by humans

D) Stem cells are used to cure cancer

B) Stem cells are derived from multiple places, and are a blank canvas that can become any cell type

In the last decade, stem cell research has become controversial due to ethical concerns. Why is this the case?

A) Embryonic stem cell research destroys the potential for human life, as its purpose is to dissect the embryo

B) Adult stem cell research harms individuals who may be missing limbs or

organs

C) Perinatal stem cell research involves dissecting a placenta, the fluid that surrounds a baby in the womb

D) All stem cells are derived from embryos that have been aborted by the mother

A) Embryonic stem cell research destroys the potential for human life, as its purpose is to dissect the embryo

What is the function of the ribosomes within the Rough ER?

A) To create proteins

B) To create lipids

C) To create DNA

D) To create energy in the form of ATP

A) To create proteins

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

A) To create proteins

B) To create lipids

C) To create DNA

D) To create energy in the form of ATP

B) To create lipids

How are the mitochondria and chloroplasts similar?

A) They both are only found in animal cells

B) They both undergo photosynthesis

C) They both undergo cellular respiration

D) They both produce energy for the cell

D) They both produce energy for the cell

I am examining an unknown cell under the microscope in my biology lab. The cell seems to have an external structure that is square-like and rigid. What type of cell might this be?

A) An animal cell

B) ribosome

C) A virus

D) A plant cell

D) A plant cell

Lysosomes are responsible for completing what important job within the cell?

A) Creating lipids, by interacting with the smooth ER

B) Storing water for times of need

C) Breaking down molecules and "recycling" waste material

D) Providing protection in the form of a rigid exterior

C) Breaking down molecules and "recycling" waste material

All of the following are found in both plant and animal cells except for

A) Mitochondria

B) Nucleus

C) Chloroplast

D) Ribosomes

C) Chloroplast

After examining a patient's heart biopsy (sample of tissue), I notice that there is a large amount of mitochondria. What is the best reasoning for this observation?

A) The mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration, generating ATP; the heart is a muscle, using large amounts of ATP due to continuous contractions. More mitochondria present will mean more ATP available

B) Heart muscles contain large amounts of mitochondria because they are responsible for synthesizing proteins essential for contraction

C) The mitochondria will produce cell membranes for the heart which will allow passage of ions to diffuse without energy

D) The mitochondria is responsible for breaking down enzymes and recycling them within the cell. The more mitochondria present, the more efficient the heart can be

A) The mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration, generating ATP; the heart is a muscle, using large amounts of ATP due to continuous contractions. More mitochondria present will mean more ATP available

How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

A) Prokaryotic cells have more organelles than eukaryotic cells

B) Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and animal cells; eukaryotic cells are found only in bacteria

C) Prokaryotic cells are very simple with few organelles; eukaryotic cells are much more complex and are typically in animals or larger organisms that require more sophisticated functions

D) Prokaryotic cells contain a cell wall; eukaryotic cells do not

C) Prokaryotic cells are very simple with few organelles; eukaryotic cells are much more complex and are typically in animals or larger organisms that require more sophisticated functions

What is one major hypothesis from the Cell Theory?

A) All cells contain DNA

B) Most cells are derived from a common ancestor

C) Many organisms contain cells, but some do not

D) All cells come from preexisting cells

D) All cells come from preexisting cells

In the famous Miller-Urey experiment, what was the main objective?

A) The main objective was to identify if cells can spontaneously arise, given that certain elements were present

B) The main objective was to identify if life can spontaneously arise, given that certain elements were present

C) Both A & B

D) Neither A nor B

C) Both A & B

Why can we be confident that there is a Creator behind our universe?

A) The mathematical probability of life existing on earth by random chance is staggeringly small

B) All cells come from pre-existing cells and cannot arise spontaneously (from nothing)

C) There is strong evidence that the universe had a beginning, which points us to a "beginner" outside of time and space

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

The purpose of the cell membrane's selectivity is to

A) Maintain the cell's pH levels

B) Maintain the cell's sodium/glucose levels

C) Maintain the cell's normal functions by allowing signal molecules to enter

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

The transportation of molecules in and out of the cell is necessary because

A) Without this transportation, there would be an increase in homeostasis

B) Without this transportation, there would be a decrease in homeostasis and a dysfunction in blood sugar levels

C) Without this transportation, there would be a decrease in homeostasis and a dysfunction in bacterial production

D) Without this transportation, there would be an increase in homeostasis

and a proper regulation of body temperature

B) Without this transportation, there would be a decrease in homeostasis and a dysfunction in blood sugar levels

Active transport is unique from passive transport because

A) Active transport requires energy; passive transport does not

B) Passive transport requires energy; active transport does not

C) Active transport occurs when molecules move down the concentration gradient, from an area of high to low concentration

D) Both A & C

A) Active transport requires energy; passive transport does not

What is the main difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

A) The presence or absence of a transport protein

B) The presence or absence of energy

C) The presence or absence of glucose

D) The presence or absence of small, polar molecules

A) The presence or absence of a transport protein

A hypertonic solution contains

A) Less solute than a cell that is placed inside b.

B) The same amount of solute as a cell that is placed inside

C) More solute than a cell that is placed inside

D) None of the above

C) More solute than a cell that is placed inside

A particular solution contains 100mL of water and 50g of sugar. What would be the concentration of this solution?

A) 2g/mL

B) 2mL/g

C) 0.5mL/g

D) 0.5g/mL

D) 0.5g/mL

A solution contains 0.5M glucose and within it, there are submerged a variety of sampled blood cells, all containing 2.5M glucose. What kind of solution is this?

A) Hypertonic

B) Hypotonic

C) Isotonic

D) All of the above

B) Hypotonic

A solution contains 2.6M glucose and within it, there are submerged a variety of sampled blood cells, all containing 2.2M glucose. What kind of solution is this?

A) Hypertonic

B) Hypotonic

C) Isotonic

D) All of the above

A) Hypertonic

The cell membrane surrounds the outside of the cell, acting as a selective barrier. Of all the molecules below, which one is most likely to diffuse through?

A) Ca+

B) Glucose

C) H₂O (water)

D) Protein vesicles

C) H₂O (water)

In the video we watched about the woman who died from hyponatremia, what was the reason for her death?

A) She drank too much water and it caused all of her normal functions to shut down

B) She drank too much water, disrupting her sodium levels, and water flooded into her heart cells leading to a stroke

C) She drank too much water, disrupting the homeostasis in her brain, causing water to flood in her cells due to the concentration gradient difference

D) None of the above

C) She drank too much water, disrupting the homeostasis in her brain, causing water to flood in her cells due to the concentration gradient difference

In the Cell Cycle, which stage is responsible for the division of cells into two identical daughter cells?

A) G1

B) S

C) G2

D) M

D) M

The following are all stages of Interphase in the Cell Cycle, except

A) G2

B) G1

C) S

D) Mitosis

D) Mitosis

In the Cell Cycle, which stage is responsible for the replication of DNA?

A) G1

B) S

C) G2

D) M

B) S

In the Cell Cycle, which stage is responsible for apoptosis?

A) G1

B) S

C) G2

D) None of the above

D) None of the above

Cancer, in its simplest definition, can be described as

A) Rapid division of mitochondria

B) Uncontrolled cell division

C) Diseased cells that never die

D) Cells that have not undergone interphase

B) Uncontrolled cell division

Why is Stage IV cancer considered terminal cancer, in most cases?

A) This stage is where the tumor has metastasized and spread to distant regions of the body

B) This stage is where the tumor becomes so large it is impossible to remove

C) This stage is where the tumor is contained, but cannot be removed

A) This stage is where the tumor has metastasized and spread to distant regions of the body

Stacy has just gotten the results back from her liver biopsy. The doctors have told her that the tumor she has is benign. What does this mean for Stacy?

A) She should immediately seek treatment such as chemotherapy or radiation because the tumor will eventually spread

B) She should seek to get the tumor removed before it becomes Stage Ill

cancer

C) She should seek to remove the tumor, but knows that it is non-cancerous and will not spread

D) She should not worry because the tumor will go away on its own

C) She should seek to remove the tumor, but knows that it is non-cancerous and will not spread

Apoptosis is a necessary process for all body cells. What occurs in this process and why is it important?

A) Apoptosis is the creation of energy in the cell which is necessary for survival

B) Apoptosis is the formation of proteins which is helpful in building muscle

C) Apoptosis is a purposeful cell death which can help prevent cancer if mutations are present

D) Apoptosis is the same as mitosis, where cell division occurs

C) Apoptosis is a purposeful cell death which can help prevent cancer if mutations are present

The three main causes of preventable cancer in the US do not include:

A) Smoking

B) Obesity

C) Diet

D) Genetics

D) Genetics

What percentage of all cancers in the U.S. are preventable?

A) 100%

B) 50%

C) 40%

D) 10%

C) 40%

As a high school student, it is important to build a healthy foundation of habits that lead to a longer life, without chronic pain or illness. Which of the following may improve longevity and reduce the risk for chronic illness and cancer?

A) Limit processed foods

B) Exercise 30 minutes, 5 days a week

C) Avoid carcinogens such as cigarettes and tobacco

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

The first biological macromolecule used for energy in the body is a

A) Protein

B) Carb

C) Lipid

D) Nucleic Acid

B) Carb

The macromolecule that contains the most amount of energy per gram is a

A) Protein

B) Carb

C) Lipid

D) Nucleic Acid

C) Lipid

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

A) Used for ATP

B) Enzymes

C) Structural Support

D) Both B & C

D) Both B & C

During hydrolysis,

A) A polymer is built because a water molecule is released

B) A polymer is broken because a water molecule is released

C) A polymer is built and a water molecule is added

D) A polymer is broken and a water molecule is added

D) A polymer is broken and a water molecule is added

Collagen is an important protein involved in creating skin elasticity. As humans age, the abundance of this protein decreases, which leads to more wrinkles. What might be a helpful addition to the body, to promote more protein synthesis?

A) Lipid monomers, the building blocks of lipids

B) Monosaccharides, the building blocks of proteins

C) Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins

D) Nucleic acids, which contain nucleotides and can build all molecules

C) Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins