chapter 11 ciruclatory system
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60 Terms
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Circulatory System
Blood and the structures through which it passes.
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Open Circulatory System
System where blood is not always contained in vessels. Ex. - Arthropods
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- No veins
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- Slow blood flow
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- Low blood pressure
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Closed Circulatory System
System where the blood is totally enclosed in vessels. Ex. - Humans/Fish
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- Contains veins
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- Contains capillaries
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- Rapid blood flow
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- Higher blood pressure
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Apex
The left ventricle end that sticks out past the sternum and makes people think that their heart is on their left side.
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Pericardium
A tough, double-layered protective sac that covers the heart.
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Septum
A muscular wall that separatas the heart into right and left halves.
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Chordae Tendineae
Both the bicuspid and tricuspid valves have strong fibrous strings called \_____________.
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Papillary Muscles
The Chordae Tendineae strings are attached to structures in ventricles called \____________ that help to open and close the cusps.
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Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart.
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Capillaries
- Smallest but most important
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- Site of gas, waste, and nutrient exchange with cells
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Veins
Carry blood to the heart.
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Valves and Skeletal Muscle Contraction
What are the two special helps that help veins to fight gravity?
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Arthersclerosis
Hardening of the arteries due to fat deposits on their walls.
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Varicose Veins
The veins spread out enough so that when the valves close they don't touch and blood may back—flow.
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Coronary Arteries
Blood is supplied to the heart muscle itself by the first two branches off the aorta called \____________.
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Ischemia
An obstruction of a coronary artery.
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Angina Pectoris
A painful experience caused by an ischemia.
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Myocardial Infarction
A heart attack!!!
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Lub-Dup
The scientific sound that the heart makes when beating.
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Murmur
An abnormal heart sound caused by valve damage.
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Blood Pressure
The ratio of systolic to diastolic pressure measured with a special gauge called a Sphygmomanometer.
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Hypertension
High blood pressure!!! The "silent killer" may lead to heart problems and failure.
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- 90 or above on the diastolic reading and over 150 on the systolic reading is considered high blood pressure..
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Pulse
The expanding and recoiling of the artery wall during contraction and relaxation of the heart.
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The Electrocardiogram (ECG)
A recording of the electrical changes that occur in the heart during the cardiac cycle.
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Depolarization of the atrial fibers
P wave
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Depolarization of the ventricular fibers
QRS complex
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Repolarization of the ventricular fibers.
T wave
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Parasympathetic Fibers
Send impulses that cause a decrease in SA and AV nodal activity, decreasing heart rate.
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Sympathetic Fibers
Send impulses that cause an increase in SA and AV nodal activity, increasing heart rate.
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Arrhythmia
An abnormal heart rate.
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Pulmonary Circulation
Consists of vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again.
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Systemic Circulation
Consists of all vessels that carry blood to all other parts of the body and back again.
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Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
Carry nutrients and gases that diffuse between the blood and cells.
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- Contains Hemoglobin
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Disc Shaped
Increase surface area for gas, waste and nutrient diffusion.
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Hemoglobin
A protein that contains iron and can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Anemia
The disease where you are dizzy, weak, tired, and pale in color. Caused by a low erythrocyte or hemoglobin count.
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Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Main job is to recognize foreign antigens and destroy them.
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Platelets
Round discs that release an important clotting agent.
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Blood Plasma
A clear, yellowish colored liquid that is 92% water and the other 8% is mixture of nutrients and organic and inorganic molecules.
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- It makes up 55% of the blood and is important for transport, maintaining pH, and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
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Universal Donor
Type O
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Universal Recipient
Type AB
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Sphygmomanometer
What special gauge is used to measure blood pressure?
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60-80x a minute
About how much does our heart beat at rest?
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Around 5 quarts
How much blood does the average adult have?
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Red
What type of blood cells are Erythrocytes?
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White
What type of blood cells are Leukocytes?
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120/80 mmHg
What is the normal human adult blood pressure?
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150/90 or higher
What blood pressure reading is considered Hypertension?
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Yes
Are EKG and ECG the same thing? Y/N
Note 
Flashcards (27)