CompTIA Network+ Guide to Networks - Module 1 Vocabulary

Flashcards for reviewing networking concepts from the CompTIA Network+ Guide.

Topology

Describes how parts of a whole work together in a network.

Physical Topology

Refers to a network's hardware and how computers, devices, and cables connect to form the physical network.

Logical Topology

Refers to how software controls access to network resources.

Network Operating System (NOS)

Controls access to the entire network, required by client-server models.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network Model

A network model where each computer's OS controls access to its resources without centralized control.

Nodes/Hosts

Computers in a peer-to-peer network.

Client-Server Network Model

A network model where resources are managed by the NOS via a centralized directory database.

Windows Domain

A logical group of computers that a Windows Server can control.

Active Directory (AD)

The centralized directory database containing user account info and security for a Windows domain.

Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)

The process of a user signing onto the network from any computer and gaining access to resources that AD allows.

Client

A computer making a request from another.

Network Services

The resources a network makes available to its users.

Protocols

Methods and rules for communication between networked devices.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Connection-oriented protocol, makes a connection with the end host, checks whether data was received

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Connectionless protocol, does not guarantee delivery by first connecting and checking whether data is received

LAN (Local Area Network)

Small network usually contained in a small space.

Switch

Receives incoming data and redirects it to another port or multiple ports to send data to its intended destination.

Star Topology

All devices connnect to one central device, usually a switch.

NIC (Network Interface Card)

Network port used to attach a device to a network; also called a network adapter.

Backbone

Central conduit that connects the segments (pieces) of a network.

Router

Manages traffic between two or more networks and can help find the best path for traffic.

SOHO

Home network; small office-home office.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

A group of LANs that spread over a wide geographical area

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

A group of connected LANs in the same geographical area; also known as a campus area network (CAN).

PAN (Personal Area Network)

A much smaller network of personal devices

Application Layer

Describes the interface between two applications, on separate computers

Payload

Payload passed between applications or utilitiy programs and the OS

Presentation Layer

Responsible for reformatting, compressing, and/or encrypting data in a way that the receiving application can read

Session Layer

How data between applications is synced and recovered if messages don't arrive intact at the receiving application

Application Programming Interface (API)

The method an application uses when it makes a request of the OS

Transport Layer

Responsible for transporting Application layer payloads from one application to another

Header

Adds control information to the beginning of the payload

Encapsulation

Process of adding a header to the data inherited from the layer above

Port

The Transport layer header addresses the receiving application by a number called a

Segments

If a TCP message is too large, it is divided into smaller messages called _

Datagram

The message in UDP is called

Network Layer

Responsible for moving messages from one node to another until they reach the destination host

IP Address

An address assigned to each node on a network.

Packet

The entire network layer message is called a _

Fragmentation

Divides large packets into smaller packets.

Data Link Layer

Responsible for interfacing with physical hardware on the local network

Frame

Entire data link layer message is called a _

MAC (Media Access Control) address

Embedded on every network adapter, it is also called a physical address, hardware address, or data link layer address

Physical Layer

Responsible for sending bits via a wired or wireless transmission

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

Technical name for a group of bits as it moves from one layer to the next and from one LAN to the next

TLS (Transport Layer Security)

Adds encryption to other protocols, such as HTTP, but does not provide remote access to a computer

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

Electrical and tool safety is generally regulated by

SDS (Safety Data Sheet)

Explains how to properly handle substances such as chemical solvents and how to dispose of them

Grounding

Means that a device is connected directly to the earth

ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)

Sensitive electronic components can be damaged by