Chap 7 Digestive System

Biopsy

Removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination

Bi-

two

-opsy

view of

Endoscopic

Pertains to the use of an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic tube with a light source and magnifying lens) to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; used for various medical purposes

Gastroenterology

Branch of medicine, focus on the structures, functions, and disorders of the digestive system

The digestive system includes:

Upper GI Tract: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

Lower GI Tract: large and small intestine, rectum, anus

Accessory organs :Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Dent/o ; odont/o

Teeth

Gastroenterologist

Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) system and its Accessory organs

Alimentary Canal AKA

GI tract or digestive tract

Digestive tract

A tube that starts at the mouth, where food enters the body, and ends at the anus, where solid waste products are excreted from the body

Upper GI tract:

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

Lower GI Tract:

large and small, intestines, rectum, and anus

Defecation

The body eliminates the indigence remains after this process of absorption in the process of

Accessory organs:

Liver gallbladder, and pancreas

contribute to, but are not physically involved in, the process of digestion (key in processing nutrients)

Dent/ist

Specialist in treatment of teeth

-ist

Specialist

Orth/odont/ist

Dental specialist who prevents and corrects abnormally positioned or misaligned teeth

Gingiv/o

Gum(s)

Gingiv/itis

Inflammation of the germs

-itis

Inflammation

Gloss/o

Tongue

Hypo/gloss/al

Pertaining to under the tongue

Hypo-

Under, below, deficient

-al

Pertaining to

Or/o ; stomat/o

Mouth

Or/al

Pertaining to the mouth

Sub/lingu/al

Pertaining to under the tongue

Sub-

Under, below

Stomat/o/pathy

Disease of the mouth

-pathy

Disease

Pytal/o

Saliva

Ptyal/ism

Condition of excessive salvation

Sial/o

Saliva, salivary gland

-ism

Condition

Sial/o/rrhea

Excessive flow of saliva; Also called hypersalivation or ptyalism

-rrhea

Discharge, flow

Esophag/o

Esophagus

Esophag/o/scope

Instrument for examining the esophagus

-scope

instrument for examining

Gastr/o

Stomach

Gastr/o/scopy

Visual examination of the stomach

-scopy

Visual examination

Pharyng/o

Pharynx (throat)

Pharyng/o/tonsill/itis

Inflammation of the pharynx (throat) and tonsils

Tonsill:

Tonsils

Pylor/o

Pylorus (sphincter in the lower portion of stomach that opens into the duodenum)

Phylor/o/tomy

Incision of the pylorus (lower portion of the stomach)

-tomy

Incision

Duoden/o

Duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

Duoden/o/scopy

Visual examination of the duodenum (A type of endoscopic procedure)

Enter/o

Intestine (Usually small intestine)

Enter/o/pathy

Disease of the intestine (Usually small); Any intestinal disease

Jehun/o

Jejunum (Second part of small intestine)

Jejun/o/rrhaphy

Suture of the jejunum

-rrhaphy

Suture

ile/o

Ileum (Third part of small intestine)

Ile/o/stomy

Surgical creation of an opening in the ilium (To drain urine or feces into an exterior pouch)

-stomy

Forming an opening (Mouth)

An/o

Anus

Peri/an/al

Pertaining to around the anus

Peri-

Around

Append/o ; appendic/o

Appendix

Append/ectomy

Removal of the appendix

-ectomy

Excision, removal

Appendic/itis

Inflammation of the appendix

Col/o ; colon/o

colon

Col/o/stomy

Creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

Colon/o/scopy

Visual examination of the colon using a long, flexible, endoscope (A type of endoscopic procedure)

Proct/o

Anus, rectum

Proct/o/logist

Physician who specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

-logist

Specialist in the study of

Rect/o

Rectum

Rect/o/cele

Herniation or protrusion of the rectum; Also called proctocele

-cele

Hernia, swelling

Sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon

Sigmoid/o/tomy

Incision of sigmoid colon

Cholangi/o

Bile vessel

-ole

Small, minute

Cholangi/ole

Small terminal portion of the bile duct

Chol/e

Bile, gall

Chol/e/lith

Gallstone

-lith

Stone, Calculus

Cholecyst/o

Gallbladder

Choledoch/o

Bile duct

Hepat/o

Liver

Pancreat/o

Pancreas

Cholecyst/itis

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Choledoch/o/tomy

Incision of the common bile duct

Hepat/itis

Information of the liver

Pancreat/o/lysis

Destruction of the pancreas by pancreatic enzymes

-lysis

Separation; Destruction; Loosening

-algia ; -dynia

Pain

-emesis

Vomiting

Gastr/algia

Pain in the stomach

Gastr/o/dynia

Pain in the stomach

Hyper/emesis

Excessive vomiting

Hyper-

Excessive, above normal

-iasis

Abnormal condition (Produced by something specified)

-megaly

Enlargement

-orexia

Appetite