SKELETAL

HEMATOPOIESIS

BONE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE HERE AND FORMATION OF BLOOD CELL THAT TAKES PLACE IN BONE MARROW

ARTICULATION

BONE MAKE MOVEMENT POSSIBLE THOUGH HERE AND MANNER WHICH THAT PARTD COME TOGETHER AT A JOINT.

AXIAL SKELETON

BONES THAT FORM LONGITUDINAL AXIS FOR THE BODY(TRUNK). PROVIDES SUPPORT AND PROTECTION FOR THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND VITAL ORGANS IN THE CHEST (THORAX) ALSO SERVE AS THE MAIN FRAMEWORK FOR POSTURE

80 bone

IN AXIAL SKELETON IT HOW MANY BONE HAVE

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

BONE OF THE LIMBS AND GIRDLES THAT ATTACH THEM TO AXIAL SKELETON. ITS PRIMARY RESPONSIBLE FOR MOVEMENT

126 bone

IN APPENDICULAR SKELETON HOW MANY BONE HAVE

206 BONE

HOW MANY BONE WE HAVE

COMPACT BONE (CORTICAL BONE)

DENSE AND LOOK SMOOTH. IT FORMS THE OUTER LAYER OF BONE AND PROVIDES STRENGTH AND PROTECTION.

SPONGY BONE (CANCELLOUS BONE)

APPEAR LIKE A SPONGE FOUND BONE, PARTICULARLY AT THE END OF LONG BONE IT CONTAIN RED BONE MARROW, SITE OF BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

LONG BONE

LONGER THAN THEY ARE WIDE

FLAT BONE

THIN ARE FLATTENED, USUALLY CURVED

SHORT BONE

GENERALLY CUBE SHAPED. MOSTLY SPONGY BONE.

IRREGULAR BONES

HAVE COMPLEX SHAPES FOR SPECIALIZED

EPIPHYSIS

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

DIAPHYSIS

PERIOSTEUM

MEDULLARY CAVITY

ENDOSTEUM

GROSS ANATOMY OF LONG BONE

EPIPHYSIS

ENDS OF LONG BONE

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

THE CELL CAME FROM HERE AND IT IS A FLAT PLATE OF HYALINE CARTILAGE, IT IS THE REASON KUNG BAKIT NAG KAKAGROWTH YUNG BONE

DIAPHYSIS

MAKES UP THE MOST OF THE BONE'S LENGTH

PERIOSTEUM

OUTSIDE COVERING

MEDULLARY CAVITY

INNER SPACE CONTAINING THE BONE MARROW

ENDOSTEUM

LINING IN THE MEDULLARY CAVITY

EPIPHYSEAL LINE

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE OSSIFIES AND TURN INTO_____ AS A PERSON GROWS

RED MARROW

FOUND PRIMARILY IN THE SPONGY BONE OF AXIAL SKELETON AND PROXIMAL ENDS OF FEMUR AND HUMERUS. RESPONSIBLE FOR HEMATOPOIESIS (CHILDREN)

YELLOW MARROW

FOUND IN THE MEDULLARY CAVITY OF LONG BONES COMPOSED OF ADIPOSE (FAT CELLS) (ADULT)

BONE MARKING

REVEAL WHERE MUSCLEA, TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS ATTACH AND WHERE BLOOD VESSELS NEVER PASS

BONE PROJECTION

EXTENSION/PROJECTION FROM THE MAIN BODY OF THE BONE. OFTEN SERVES AS POINT OF ATTACHMENT FOR MUSCLE LIGAMENT, AND TENDONS

BONE DEPRESSION

INDENTION OR HOLLOWS IN BONES THAT OFTEN ACCOMODATE OTHER STRUCTURE

OSTEOBLASTS

OSTEOCYTES

OSTEOCLASTS

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF BONE

OSTEOBLASTS

IMMATURE BONE CELLS RESPONSIBLE “BONE BUILDING CELLS”

OSSIFICATION

PROCESS OF BONE FORMATION

OSTEOCYTES

MATURE CELLS FOUND IN LACUNAE. THEY MAINTAIN THE BONE MATRIX AND HELP REGULATE BONE METABOLISM

OSTEOCLASTS

BREAK DOWN BONES TISSUE TO RELEASE MINERALS INTO THE BLOOD STREAM RESPONSIBLE FOR BONE RESORPTION.

CARTILAGE

YOUNG BONE ALSO KNOW CHONDRO

BONE MATRIX

NON-CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF BONE THAT PROVIDES STRENGTH AND STRUCTURE

ORGANIC MATRIX

COMPOSED OF COLLAGEN FIBER

INORGANIC MATRIX

HYDOXYAPATITE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE

OSTEONS

CONSISTING OF CONCENTIC LAMELLAE LAYERS SURROUNDING A CENTRAL HAVERSIAN CANALS

HAVERSIAN CANALS

CONTAIN BLOOD VESSEL AND NERVES THAT SUPPLY THE BONE

LAMELLAE

CONCENTRIC RINGS SURROUNDING THE HAVERSIAN CANALS

LACUNAE

SMALL CAVITIES WITHIN THE BONE MATRIX WHERE OSTEOCYTES RESIDES

CANALICULI

TINY CHANNELS THAT RADIATE OUTWARD FORM CENTRAL CANALS TO ALL LACUNAE

PERFORATING CANALS (VOLKMAN'S CANAL)

THESE ARE CHANNELS THAT RUN PERPENDICULAR TO THE HAVERSIAN CANALS

BONES

adults

206

BONES OF ADULT

270

BONES OF INFANT

HEMATOMA FORM

FIBROCARTILAGE CALLUS FORMS

BONE CALLUS FORMS

BONE REMODELING OCCURS

STAGE OF HEALING OF A BONE STRUCTURE

CRANIUM

encloses and protects the

fragile brain tissue.

FACIAL BONE

form a cradle for the

eyes that is open to the anterior and

allow the facial muscles to show our

feelings through smiles or frowns.

FRONTAL BONE

forms forehead

PARIETAL BONE

forms most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium.

OCCIPITAL BONE

the most posterior bone of the cranium

EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

canal that leads to the eardrum and the middle ear

STYLOID

a sharp, needle like projection, is just inferior to the external auditory

meatus

ZYGOMATIC PROCESS

is a thin bridge of bone that joins with the cheekbone anteriorly.

MASTOID PROCESS

full of air cavities; rough projection posterior and inferior to the

external acoustic meatus

JUGULAR FORAMEN

junction of the occipital and temporal bones.

MAXILLARY BONE

BONES THAT FORM THE UPPER JAW

PALATINE BONES

LIE POSTERIOR TO THE PALATINE PROCESS OF THE MAXILLA

ZYGOMATIC BONE

CHEEKBONES

LACRIMAL BONE

FORMS PART OF THE MEDIAL WALLS OF THE ORBIT. PASSAGEWAY OF TEARS

NASAL BONE

FORM BRIGDE OF THE NOSE

MANDIBLE

LOWER JAW, STRONGEST BONE

HYOID BONE

ONLY BONE THAT DOESN'T ARTICULATED

SERVE AS A MOVABLE BASE FOR THE TONGUE

ATTACHMENT POINT FOR NECK MUSCLE (SUSPENDED)

VERTEBRALL COLUMN

composed of separate

bones called vertebrae,

connected to form four

spinal curves

CERVICAL CURVATURE

THORACIC CURVATURE

LUMBAR CURVATURE

SACRAL CURVATURE

FOUR SPINAL CURVES

7 CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

12 THORACIC VERTEBRAE

5 LUMBAE VERTEBRAE

1 SACRUM AND COCCYX

FORMED 26 IRREGULAR BONES VERTEBRAL COLUMN

INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS

cushion the vertebrae and

absorb shocks while allowing spine flexibility

C1-C7 CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

Form the neck region

of the spine

C1

Atlas; receive

the occipital

condyles of the skull

c2

Axis; acts as a

pivot for the rotation

of the atlas and skull above

THORACIC VERTEBRAE (T1-T12)

Larger than the

cervical vertebrae

and are

distinguished by

the fact that they

are the only

vertebrae to

articulate with the ribs

LUMBAR (L1-L5)

SOMETIMES KINDEY SHAPE

STUDIES OF THE VERTEBRAE

SACRUM

formed by the

fusion of five vertebrae;

Forms the posterior wall of

the pelvis

COCCYX

formed from the

fusion of three to five tiny,

irregularly shaped

vertebrae; the human “tail bone”

THORACIC CAGE/BONY THORAX

FORMS PROTECTION CAGE OF SLENDER BONES AND CARTILAGE

STERNUM

BREAST BONE FUSION OF THREE BONE MANUBRIUM,BODY,XIPHOID PROCESS

MANUBRIUM, BODY, XIPHOID PROCESS

WHAT IS THE 3 LAYER OF STERNUM

12 PAIR

BONES OF RIBS

1-7

TRUE RIBS

8-12

FALSE RIBS

11-12

FLOATING RIBS

INTERCOST SPACES

THE SPACE BETWEEN THE RIBS

SCAPULA AND CLAVICLE

WHAT IS THE TWO BONE OF SHOULDER/PERTORAL GIRDLE

CLAVICLE (COLLAR BONE)

DOUBLE CURVED BONE THAT PREVENTS SHOULDER DISLOCATION

SCAPULA (SHOULDER BLADES)

TRIANGULAR/COMMONLY CALLED WINGS

HUMERUS

ARM LONGEST IN UPPER PART

RADIUS ULNA

FOREARM

PHALANGES 14 EACH

CARPALS 8 EACH

METACARPALS 5 EACH

HANDS

PELVIC GIRDLE

Formed by two coxal bones (hip

bones) protct rep organ

ILLUM

ISCHIUM

PUBIS

3 LAYER OF PELVIC GIRDLE

ILLUM

forms most of the hip bone

ISCHIUM

“sit down bone” inferior part of the coxal bone

PUBIS

most anterior part of the coxal bone

ACETABULUM

RECEIVE THE HEAD OF THE THIGH BONES

FEMUR

THIGH LONGEST IN LOWER PART

LEG

Tibia/ Shinbone

fibula

PHALANGES 14 EACH

TARSALS 7 EACH

METATARSALS 5 EACH

FOOT

JOINT

PLACE WHERE TWO OR MORE BONES CONNECT

SYNARTROSES

IMMOVABLE JOINT

Amphiarthroses

slightly immovable joint

DIARTHROSES

freely moveable joints