INORG. & ORG. LEC : Ionic Bond

Chemical Bond

the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together in a more complex unit

Ionic Bond, Chemical Bond

Enumerate the two types of chemical bonds

Ionic Bond

a chemical bond formed through the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or froup of atoms to another atom or group of atoms

Ionic Compound

a compound in which ionic bonds are present

Covalent Bond

a chemical bond formed through the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

Molecular Compound

a compound in which covalent bonds are present

Valence Electrons

electrons in an atom that participate in bonding

Valence Electron

an electron in the outermose electron shell of a representative element or noble-gas element

Lewis Symbol

the chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots equal in number to the number of valence electrons present in atoms of the element.

Gilbert Newton Lewis

Who introduced the Lewis Symbol

Electon-dot Structure

The lewis symbol is also known as the..

Number of Valence Electrons

Representative elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same ________

Roman numeral periodic-table group number

The number of valence electrons for representative elements is the same as the _______

8

The maximum number of valence electrons for any element is_____

Octet Rule

certain arrangements of electrons that are more stable than others

Octet Rule

In forming compounds, atoms of elements lose, gain, or share electrons in such a way as to produce a noble-gas electron configuration for each of the atoms involved

Ion

an atom that is electrically charged as a result of the loss or gain of electrons

Negatively Charged Ion

If an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes ______-

Positviely Charged Ion

If an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes ______-

Isoelectronic Species

an atom and an ion, or two ions, that have the same number and configuration of electrons

Lewis Structure

a combination of lewis Symbols that represents either the transfer or the sharing of electrons in chemical bonds

Resulting Compound

the ratio in which positive and negative ions combine its ratio that achieves charge neutrality for the _______

1. The sympbol for the positive ions is always written first

2. the charges on the ions that are present are not shown in the formula

3. the numbers in the formula (subscripts) give the combing ratio for ions

Enumerate the three rules when writing chemical formulas for ionic compounds

Formula unit

the smallest whole-number repeating ratio of ions present in an ionic compound that results in charge neutrality

Binary Compound

a compound in which only two elements are present

Binary Ionic Compound

an ionic compound in which one element present is a metal and the other element is a non-metal

Positive Ion

The metal in the Binary Ionic Compound is always present as the ______

Negative Ion

The nonmetal in the Binary Ionic Compound is always present as the ______

The full name of the metallic element,

followed by a seperate word containg the stem of the non-metallic element and the suffix -ide

How are Binary Ionic Compounds named?

Roman Numeral

For ionic compounds containing a variable-charge metal, the magnitude of the charge on the metal ion must be indicated in the name of the compound using ....

Polyatomic Ion

an ion formed from a group of atoms (held together by covalent bonds) through loss or gain of electrons

Nitrate

NO₃⁻

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Sulfate

SO₄²⁻

Bisulfate / Hydrogen Sulfate

HSO₄⁻

Phosphate

PO₄³⁻

Hydrogen Phosphate

HPO₄²⁻

Dihydrogen Phosphate

H₂PO₄⁻

Carbonate

CO₃²⁻

Bicarbonate / Hydrogen Carbonate

HCO₃⁻

Cyanide

CN-

Hydronium

H₃O⁺

Hydroxide

OH-

1. Enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses when more than one polyatomic ion is given

2.The same elemental symbol may be used more than once in a chemical formula

Enumerate the rules in writing chemical formulas containing polyatomic ions

1. a positive polyatomic ion substitutes the metal

2. a negative polyatomic ion substitutes the nonmetal and the -ide suffix

3. positive and negative polyatomic ions the resulting name is just the polyatomic ions

Enumerate the rules in naming ionic compounds containing polyatonic ions