Health Science, chapter 2, Health Care Systems

What events have lead to changes in healthcare

wars, pandemics, new tack, changing demographics

What are some new health related changes

new drugs, revised treatments, emerging diseases.

Why must healthcare workers be aware of changes

to remain competent and ethical

What are some current trends in healthcare

cost containment, home healthcare, technology influence, societal status

What is cost containment

controlling rising healthcare costs while acheiving maximimun benefit for every dollar spent

When was the affordable healthcare act passed

2010

What are the 4 parts of the ACA

1)everyone must be insured

2)everyone has to play

3)govt will help pay

4)fairer rules

What is the goal of the ACA

to make healthcare cheaper and more accessable

What are 4 technological advancements that add to the cost of healthcare

organ transplants, artificial hearts, computer/scans, higher life expectancy bc of tech means more care

How does an aging pop mean an increase in HC prices

more pharmaceuticals, more chronic diseases, demand for HC has increased

What are health related lawsuits

lawsuits related to malpractice

What is defensive medicine

ordering unnecessary tests to avoid lawsuits

What are the consequences of high cost

limiting services to the wealthy and reducing access for he less fortunate

What is a diagnostic related group

congressional attempt to control medicare/aid costs, by having a set price for each condition

What are hospital acquired diseases

Diseases that you get during your hospital stay

What is medicare

care for elderly

What is Fee-per-service

Paying for each treatment

What is value based care

paying for a group of treatments in a bundle

What are HMOs and PPOs

help share services and lower cost per patient

What is the combination of services

agencies combine services to avoid duplication

What are outpatient services

receiving care without hospital admission

What is mass/bulk purchasing

purchasing a lot of materials, so it is less money overall

What are early intervention/preventative services

preventing illness is more cost effective than curing it

What is energy conservation

monitoring and reducing energy useage

What is the agency for Healthcare research and quality

They improve quality , affordability, and accessibility of HC

What is the role of HC workers

maintaining quality while minimizing waste

What is the role of HC consumers

be responsible, know options, prevent illness

What is home health care

services that can be provided at home instead of at a hospital

Advantages of Home HC

lower cost, familiar environment, promotes independence and recovery

What is the definition of geriatric care

care for the elderly

What is the goal of geriatric care

To ensure the elderly are healthy, happy, and social

What are 2 factors that contribute to the growth of geriatric care

longer life expectancy, baby boom

What are 4 examples of geriatric facilities or services

Adult day care, retirement communities, living facilities, long term care facillities

What is telemedicine

Using computers and other devices to provide HC services

What are 2 methods of Telemedicine

interactive video conferencing, transmission of imaging and data

What are the benefits of telemedicne

increased access to HC, less need to travel, quicker specialist connection

What are 3 applications of Telemedicine

monitoring for chronic conditions, follow up appointments, emergency services support

Define wellness

Keeping the whole body stable including feelings, brain, and soul

What are 5 different types of wellness

physical, emotional, social, mental, spiritual

What is the definition of CAM ( conventional alternative Methods) of HC

HC services not traditionally used but can be used with or alternatively to regular HC

6 examples of CAM therapy

ayurvedic, chinese practitioners, chiropractors, homeopaths, hypnopaths, naturopaths

What is pandemic prepardness

1) Where is disease

2) Inform public

3) Supplies

4) Vaccines

What are 2 examples of pandemics

influenza(1918) and COVID

What is biotechnology

use of genetic and biochem to develop technologies in HC

What are the benefits of Biotech

more effective treatments, personalized medicine for genetic profile.

4 types of hospitals

general, specialized, govt funded, university

What are long term care facilities

serve elderly and ppl with disabilities or chronic conditions

types of long term care facilities

nursing homes, assisted living centers, independent living communities

services at long term care facilities

personal care, meals, medical care, social support

medical offices

privately owned or large group practices for small things and checkups

Concierge medicine

privately paid doctor on a monthly/yearly fee. personalized care

dental offices

for teeth, gums, and oral health

clinics

mini hospitals scattered for quick access, run by doctors, corporations, or hospitals

What do clinics have

specialty centers, urgent care, rehab, sugical

optical centers

eye exams, prescriptions, eye disease diagnosis

emergency care centers

immediate care for accidents and illnesses

what do emergency care centers include

ambulances, ER departments, Helicopter transport, urgent care

laboratories

diagnostic tests, and dental ones create dentist devices and dentures and crowns

hospice care

for people with less than 6 months left to live

mental health facilities

for people with mental health issues, people who have emotionally disorders,or people who abuse drugs

genetic counseling centers

help people understand, screen, advise, and test genetic conditions

rehabilitation centers

help people recover independence after a severe injury or illness

What do rehabilitation centers include

physical, occupational, speech, and recreational therapy

What do HMOs emphasize

care thru prepaid plans. They like preventative care including exams, treatments, and hospital services

industrial health centers

located in large workplaces and industries

What do industrial health centers provide

basic medical care, screenings, emergency care, safety education

school health services

found in schools and collages

What is the World Health Organization

global health info and disease monitoring

US Department of Health and Human Services

oversees US health programs

NIH

National Institutes of Health, supports medical research

CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, prevents and controls outbreaks

FDA

Food and Drug Administration, regulates food, drugs, and medical devices

AHRQ

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, improves HC quality and efficiency

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, enforces safety standards

ONC

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, promotes secure electronic health records

State and Local Health Departments

provide immunizations, inspections, and education

voluntary and non-profit agency

funded through donations, fundraisers, and grants. ‘ Free HC’

3 things associated with the cost of HC

1)major concern

2)HC costs are over 17% of Gross National Product

3)costs are increasing faster than other living 

health insurance

You paying a cost to an insurance company so in the future they can cover a portion of your medical expenses

premium

fee paid to insurance company either yearly or monthly

coverage

company pays for covered medical services

deductible

amount paid by patient before insurance pays, either yearly or monthly

coinsurance

specific percentages shared/split by person and insurance companies

copayment

flat fee for service, insurance companies negotiate with doctors

sources of insurance

employer based and private policies

advantages of HMO

early detection, better health maintenance

disadvantages of HMO

limited to affiliated providers