Scalp, Face, Orbit, Eye

boundaries of the scalp

supercilliary arch

zygomatich arch

superior nuchal line

layers of the scalp from superficial to deep

skin

dense connective tissue

aponeurotic layer

loose connective tissue

pericranium

dense connective tissue of the scalp contains

arteries, nerves, veins

what is the aponeurotic layer of the scalp

tendon connecting a facial muscle

function of the loose connective tissue of the scalp

faciliates scalp movement

innervation of the scalp

trigeminal nerve branches

anterior rami

posterior rami

arterial supply of the scalp

anastomosis between ICA and ECA branches

veins that drain the scalp

facial vein

retromandibular v

significance of laceration to the dense connective layer of the scalp

profuse bleeding and infection may follow vessels

significance of lacteration to the aponeurotic layer of the scalp

widens gape of damaged vessels

significance of laceration of the loose connective layer of the scalp

infections can spread to cranial cavity

borders of the face

supercilliary arch

ears

mandible

list the muscles of facial expression

frontalis

orbucularis oculi

buccinator

orbicularis oris

zygomaticus major

occipitalis

CN VII supplies which gland

lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, and mucosal glands

branches of CN 7

posterior auricular n

temporal

zygomatic

buccal

marginal mandibular

cervical

bell's palsy is associated with which CN

CN VII

presentation of Bell's palsy

weakness to paralysis

difficulty closing eye

difficulty eating/drinking

decreased muscle tone

nerve path to the parotid gland

CN IX -> otic ganglion -> CN V3 (hitch hike) -> gland

important structures related to parotid gland

CN VII

external carotid a

retromandibular v

what innervates the masseter

CN V3

masseter muscle function

muscle of mastication

elevate the mandible

sensory innervation of the face and anterior scalp

CN V (all 3 branches)

opthalamic nerve sensory locations

eye

upper eyelid

dorsum of nose

anterior scalp/forehead

maxillary n sensory location supplied

lowey eyelid -> upper lip

lateral nose

anterior cheek

anterior temporal region

mandibular n sensory location

lower face

lateral cheek

anterior ear

mid-temporal region

arterial supply to the face

facial artery

opthalamic a

transverse facial a

branches of maxillary a

structure of veins in the face

valveless (so blood can flow in either direction)

venous drainage of the face

drain into neck via internal jugular v

drain to deep areas of head

superficial veins of the face anastamose with

deep veins

deep veins of the face

cavernous sinus

pterygoid plexus

significance of venous drainage of the face through cranial cavity

intracranial infection spread from the face

lymphatic drainage of the face and anterior scalp

nodes along mandible and parotid -> follow internal jugular v -> venous angle

posterior scalp lymphatic drainage

deep cervical nodes -> internal jugular v -> venous angle

bones that make up the orbital rim

frontal

zygomatic

maxilla

apex of the bony orbit

optic canal

the bony orbit has a _ shape

pyramid shape

contents of the medial wall of the orbit

maxilla

lacrimal bone

ethmoid

sphenoid

roof of the orbit

frontal bone

sphenoid bone

lateral wall of the orbit

zygomatic bone

sphenoid

floor of the orbit

palatine

maxilla

zygomatic

cranial cavity connections to orbit

optic canal

superior orbital fissure

inferior orbital fissure

infra-orbital foramen

nasolacrimal canal

optical canal fossa

middle cranial fossa

fossa associated with superior orbital fissure

middle cranial fossa

fossa associated with inferior orbital fissure

pterygopalatine

infratemporal

temporal

infra-orbital foramen is associated with what connection

face

nasolacrimal canal connects to

inferior meatus of nasal cavity

contents of optic canal

optic nerve

opphthalamic artery

superior orbital fissure contents

CN III , IV, VI (motor)

frontal n

lacrimal n

superior opthalamic v

nasocilliary n

inferior orbital fissure contents

maxillary nerve branches

maxillary a

variable veins

infraorbital foramen contents

infra-orbital nerve and vessels

branches of V2

branches of maxillary a

nasolacrimal canal function

drain lacrimal fluid

function of the eyelids

protect from injury and excessive light

maintain moist environment for eye

the eyelid closes what fissure

palpebral fissure

eyelid muscles

superior tarsal m

levator palpebrae superioris

orbicularis oculi (orbital and palpebral)

portions of orbicularis oculi

orbital

palpebral

lacrimal apparatus contents

lacrimal gland

canaliculi

how do tears flow

lacrimal gland

canaliculi

lacrimal sac

nasolacrimal duct

inferior nasal meatus

pre-synaptic parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland

facial n

greater petrosal n

nerve of pterygoid canal

post-synaptic parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland

lacrimal n

V2 branches

pteryogpalatine ganglion

sympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland

deep petrosal n

sensory innervation of the orbit

ophthalmic nerve

branches of the opthalamic. nerve for the orbit

nasocilliary n

frontal (supraorbital and supratrochlear)

lacrimal

frontal nerve branches

supraorbital

supratrochlear

arterial supply of orbit

opthalmic artery

orbit venous drainage

superior opthalamic vein

inferior opthalamic vein

cavernous sinus

pterygoid venous plexus

parts of the eyeball

three layers

three chambers

lens

layers of the eye

fibrous

vascular

neural

details of the fibrous layer of the eye

muscles attach to the sclera

cornea refracts light

muscles of the eye attach to _

sclera

what does the cornea do

refracts light

limbus function

connects the clear cornea to the white sclera

parts of the vascular layer of the eye

choroid

ciliary body

iris

choroid function

highly vascular and pigmented

what does the iris do

controls pupil

parts of the ciliary body

ciliary muscle

ciliary processes

ciliary muscle type

smooth

function of ciliary processes

secrete aqueous humor

where are zonular fibers found

ciliary processes

muscles of the iris

sphincter pupillae

dilator pupillae

what muscle is the ciliary ganglion associated with

sphincter pupillae

accomodation of the eye involves _ control

parasympathetic

pupillary constriction involves _ control

parasympathetic

eye convergence is under _ control

somatic

shape of the lens when the ciliary muscle is relaxed

flat

shape of the lens with the ciliary muscle is contracted

curved

the inner layer of the eye

retina

parts of the retina

non visual part

visual part

the non-visual part of the retina contains _

internal surface of ciliary body and iris

features of the retina

macula lutea

optic disc

the anterior chamber of the eye is between _

iris and cornea

posterior chamber of the eye is between

iris and lens

the posterior chamber is continuous with _

anterior chamber through the pupil

aqueous humor is secreted in _

posterior chamber

where is aqueous humor absorbed

anterior chamber

vitreous chamber occupies _ of the eye

4/5

vitreous chamber contains _

vitreous humor

function of vitreous chamber

maintains position of retina and shape of the eye

superciliary arch is found on the _

frontal bone

pericranium houses

osteogenerative cells to repair bone

sensory nerve of the scalp behind the ear

anterior rami