Society and Social Interaction

• Pre-Industrial Societies

• Industrial Society

• Post-Industrial Society

Types of Societies [3]

Hunter-Gatherer Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Strong dependence on the natural environment

• Groups based on kinship or tribe

Hunter-Gatherer Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Hunted wild animals and gathered uncultivated plants for food

• Nomadic lifestyle (moved from place to place)

Nomadic lifestyle

______ - is a lifestyle characterized by regularly moving from one place to another, often in search of food or resources.

Pastoral Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Relied on the domestication of animals for survival

• Bred livestock for food, clothing, and transportation

• Created surplus goods (products that exist in greater quantity than what is currently demanded or needed. )

• Nomadic lifestyle

Bred livestock

____- farm animals humans raise and selectively mate to get better products (like more milk or meat) or for work.

Pastoral Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Developed specialized occupations

• Traded with nearby groups (local groups)

• Used temporary tools for survival

Horticultural Society

[Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Dependent on the environment for survival

• Established permanent settlements (not nomadic)

Horticultural Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Marked the beginning of the first human survival revolution

• More stable living with increased material goods

• Used temporary tools for survival

Agricultural Society

[Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Relied on permanent tools and advanced farming technology

• Allowed for cultural development: music, poetry, philosophy

Agricultural Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Known as the “Dawn of Civilization”

Agricultural Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Social classes became more divided

• Focused on ownership and protection of resources

Feudal Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Had a strict hierarchical system based on land ownership and protection

• Land was divided into fiefdoms (owned by nobility and worked by lower class)

Feudal Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• Functioned under the feudal system

• Eventually replaced by capitalism and industrial advancements

Industrial Society

[Type of Pre-Industrial Societies]

• societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods

• Marked by major technological and economic changes

information societies / digital societies

Post-Industrial Society is aka _____ ?

Post-Industrial Society

[Types of Societies]

• Focused on the production and management of information and services.

• Recent and ongoing development in human society

b. developed new ways of preparing food

NOTE:

• Keyword: New Stone Age

• During the Neolithic period (New Stone Age) people began farming and making pottery for the first time. Clay was shaped into pots for storing and cooking food.

1. Archaeologists have found evidence to show the widespread use of local pottery wares throughout the Philippines during the latter part of the New Stone Age. This would imply that prehistoric Filipinos must have

a. already discarded their use of stone tools

b. developed new ways of preparing food

c. discovered clay deposits throughout the country

d. had enough food and water receptacles for their needs

Neolithic period

_____ - is the period of New Stone Age”

►storing food

►cooking food

During the Neolithic period (New Stone Age) people began farming and making pottery for the first time. Clay was shaped into pots for _____ [2]

capitalism

2. Carl dreams of buying a house in Quezon City, but he cannot afford to pay whole in cash. The real estate agent offered him a payment term where a banking company will finance half of the total amount and he can pay his monthly dues in a fixed price. Carl decided to sign a contract with the agent, stating that he should complete the payment for fifteen years. This is an example of ____________.

a. socialism

b. feudalism

c. capitalism

d. monopolism

Functionalist View

[Theoretical Perspectives on Society]

• Society is greater than the sum of its parts.

• Individual behavior is different from collective behavior.

• Society works as a system; each part serves a function to maintain stability and order

Emile Durkheim

Functionalist View is a proponent by _____ ? [who]

Karl Marx

Conflict Theory is a proponent by _____ ? [who]

Max Weber

Symbolic Interactionism is a proponent by _____ ? [who]

Conflict Theory

[Theoretical Perspectives on Society]

• Society is shaped by class conflict between those who own the means of production and those who labor for them.

culture and social institutions

The economic base of a society determines its ______ and _____ as its superstructure.

capitalism

Due to the rise of _______ , workers become alienated (dsiconnected) from themselves and others in society

Class conflicts / Class struggles

______ - appear throughout history, often during social revolutions when one class dominates another.

Class conflicts / Class struggles

_____- is when one class dominates another.

Bourgeoisie

_____ - owners of the means of production

Proletariat

______- laborers or working class

Class conflict/ Class sturggle

________ - conflicts appeared consistently throughout history during times of social revolution, appeared as a result of one class dominating another

Social Revolution

Class Antagonisms is aka _____ ?

Class Antagonisms / Social Revolution

________ -ongoing conflict between social classes

Alienation

______ - when an individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or the sense of self

Class consciousness

______ - is the awareness of one's position and role within the class structure

Symbolic Interactionism

[Theoretical Perspectives on Society]

• Focuses on how individuals interact and give meaning to social symbols and behavior

rationalization

Modern society is centered on _______ – a shift toward logic, efficiency, and control.

Capitalism

_______ - is viewed as a highly rational system

Iron Cage

_______ a situation where individuals feel trapped by bureaucratic rules and lose a sense of purpose, leading to disenchantment (disappointment /disillusionment) with the world.

d. State

NOTE:

Bureaucratic theory - bureaucracy was the most efficient way to set up an organization, administration.

Bureaucracy - organizational structure that is characterized by many rules, standardized processes, procedures and requirements, number of desks, meticulous division of labor and responsibility, clear hierarchies and professional, almost impersonal interactions between employees

1. Which of the following has a legitimate capacity to use violence in a given territory according to Max Weber?

a. Community

b. Bureaucracy

c. Government

d. State

Bureaucracy

_______- a hierarchical organizational structure characterized by strict rules, roles, and procedures to ensure efficiency and order in administration.

Bureaucracy

_____- is a hierarchical organizational structure that is characterized by many rules, standardized processes, procedures and requirements, number of desks, meticulous division of labor and responsibility, clear hierarchies and professional, almost impersonal interactions between employees

c. proletariat

NOTE:

• Bourgeoise: Middle class to upper class, emphasizes materialism .These people hold on to their private possessions to hold their power in society

• Proletariat: Working class, lower class

  • According to the Social Conflict Approach, not only can society be a platform for inequality between these two classes; it is the goal of the proletariats to reduce this pervasive inequality

2. According to Karl Max, it establishes a classless society

a. noveau rich

b. bourgeoise

c. proletariat

d. the clique

c. Overemphasis on the importance of economic class to explain historical trends (Marx attributed various societal problems to class inequality)

NOTE:

• Marxism emphasizes the even distribution of goods and equality in social status, in opposition to capitalism

3. Which of the following is considered the most valid criticism of Marxist’s model of society?

a. Polarization of society into two conflicting groups

b. Emphasis on class dictatorship

c. Overemphasis on the importance of economic class to explain historical trends

d. The forces that reduce the polarization of classes

Marxism

_______ -

• emphasizes the even distribution of goods and equality in social status,

• opposition to capitalism

b. aggressive compulsion from officials

4. A bureaucratic system presents all but one of the characteristics:

a. specialization

b. aggressive compulsion from officials

c. formalistic personality

d. chain of command

bureaucratic system

______- SYSTEM ; a formal organizational structure governed by rules and regulations, emphasizing efficiency and hierarchy.

• Gemeinschaft (communal society)

• Gesellschafts (associational society)

Social Structure [2]

Gemeinschaft

______ - aka communal society

Gesellschaft

______ - aka associational society

Gemeinschaft (Communal Society)

[Type of Social Structure]

• Community: comprised of personal social ties and in-person interactions

• Defined by traditional social rules and result in an overall cooperative social organization

Gemeinschaft (Communal Society)

[Type of Social Structure]

• Values and beliefs are organized around personal ties

• Social interactions are personal in nature

Gemeinschaft (Communal Society)

[Type of Social Structure]

• Interactions and social ties were driven by emotions and sentiments

Gesellschafts (Associational Society)

[Type of Social Structure]

• Impersonal and indirect social ties

• Interactions that are not necessarily carried out face-to-face

• Carried out via telegram, telephone, in written form, etc.

Gesellschafts (Associational Society)

[Type of Social Structure]

• Formal values and beliefs that are directed by rationality, efficiency, economic, political, and self-interests

c. society

Gemeinschaft as a social structure refers to community relations while Gesellschaft refers to a:

a. population

b. multitude

c. society

d. diverse group

Gesellschafts (Associational Society)

_____ - is a formal social structure characterized by impersonal relationships, often based on individual self-interest and efficiency.

Gemeinschaft (Communal Society)

______ -is a social structure refers to community relations

society

Gesellschafts (Associational Society) refers to a ______ [community/society] ?

Roles

These are patterns of behavior that we recognize in each other that are representative of a person’s social status

• Achieved Status

• Ascribed Status

Type of Status [2]

Role-Set

______ - a collection of roles associated with a particular individual in a society.

Role-Set

______ - Single status that has an array (list) of roles attached to it

Example: Being a student has several roles

Role Strain

_______ - refers to when “too much is required of a single role.”

Role strain

_______ - is the stress or difficulty a person experiences when trying to meet the demands and expectations of a single social role.

Example: Being a parent also means cooking, cleaning, driving, problem-solving, acting as a source of moral guidance

Role Conflict

______ - is the stress or difficulty you feel when the expectations of two or more different roles you hold clash with each other.

Role Conflict

______ - refers to when one or more roles are contradictory

Example: Working towards a promotion at work but your children want to spend time with you

Role Performance

______- refer to how a person shows their role

Role Performance

[Role Performance / Looking Glass Self]

________ - A person is like an actor on a stage

Impression management

_____ - refers to show ourselves to others the way we want them to see us

Looking Glass Self

______ - refers to creating our self-image based on what we think others see

Looking Glass Self

_____ - refers to when “ Our sense of who we are comes from how people react to us”

Looking Glass Self

[Role Performance / Looking Glass Self]

These are reactions like mirror that shows us our selves

Erving Goffman

Role Performance is associated with _____ ? [who]

Charles Cooley

Looking Glass Self is associated with _____ ? [who]