Psychology 101: Intro to Psychology Ch 2. Biological Bases of Behavior for Psychology

Biopsychologists

study the lines of communication between your brain, glands and muscles

nervous system

an interconnected network of nerve cells (called neurons) that allow you to sense the things going on around you so you can react

endocrine system

includes your hormone-producing glands and helps your body turn the food into energy

behavioral neuroscientists

study the effects of biological processes like hunger, eating and digestion

neuroplasticity

the brain’s ability to reorganize in response to damage and new law experiences

When you're at a restaurant and the waiter comes out with your dinner, which system is responsible for telling your brain that your food has arrived?

1. Circulatory system

2. Respiratory system

3. Endocrine system

4. Nervous system

Nervous system

An example of neuroplasticity is _____.

1. the brain producing digestion-aiding hormones

2. brain functions varying from person to person

3. a blind person having a heightened sense of smell

4. the body recovering from psychological trauma

a blind person having a heightened sense of smell

Which of the following do biopsychologists study?

1. The intersection of chemistry and biology.

2. The biology of the brain.

3. The medical aspects of psychology.

4. The relationship between brain activity and mental states.

The relationship between brain activity and mental states.

Human behaviors and feelings are primarily controlled by _____.

1. the brain

2. the brain, nerves and hormones

3. hormones

4. the nervous system

the brain, nerves and hormones

According to biopsychology, eating disorders _____.

1. are primarily all in peoples' heads

2. shouldn't be considered biological in nature

3. are not influenced by genetics

4. have biochemical triggers

have biochemical triggers

A neurotransmitter is a type of _____.

1. chemical signal

2. electrical signal

3. nerve cell

4. muscle cell

chemical signal

An action potential occurs when a _____.

1. neural impulse travels along an axon

2. neuron is in the refractory period

3. neural impulse halts its journey

4. neuron is gaining a negative charge

neural impulse travels along an axon

During a refractory period, _____.

1. neurons are receiving a positive charge

2. neurons are in motion

3. neurons are being charged with sodium ions

4. neurons remove sodium ions

neurons remove sodium ions

The all-or-none law states that _____.

1. nerve impulses are sent in batches

2. nerve impulses are voluntary

3. neurons can stop a signal once it starts

4. neurons must fire a signal once it starts

neurons must fire a signal once it starts

The part of the neuron that receives signals is called a _____.

1. terminal branch

2. myelin sheath

3. nerve cell

4. dendrite

dendrite

neurotransmitters

• chemical signals that can affect such feelings as mood, hunger, anxiety, and fear

• affect different types of behavior

neurons

nerve cells that have the job of passing signals

dendrite

catching hand

axon

pitching arm

terminal branch

pitching hand

serotonin

• appetite

• sex drive

• moods

• ability to sleep

dopamine

• affects your ability to concentrate and learn

• also affects your ability to react and move

endorphins

fired from your gland neurons to your brain neurons to your brain neurons and your spinal cord neurons to reduce pain and stress

Which of the following is true about neurons?

1. They all release the same neurotransmitters

2. They travel at the same speed

3. They each have different functions within the nervous system

4. They can all receive the same signal

They each have different functions within the nervous system

Low levels of serotonin may cause which of the following?

1. excessive shaking

2. an inability to balance

3. hyperactive behavior

4. anxiety or depression

anxiety or depression

You touch a hot stove and the sensory neurons are telling your brain it's hot. Which part of the neuron is sending the neurotransmitters to the other neuron's dendrites to send the signal up to the brain?

1. soma

2. terminal branch

3. primary branch

4. axon

terminal branch

You go for a run around the track, and afterward, you feel less pain and stress. Which type of neurotransmitter has been released to help you feel this way?

1. endorphin

2. adrenaline

3. serotonin

4. dopamine

endorphin

The area that the neurotransmitters travel across to reach another neuron is called the _____.

1. axon

2. synaptic gap

3. terminal branch

4. dendrites

synaptic gap

Swatting a mosquito is an example of which of the following?

1. Use of the autonomic nervous system

2. Use of the somatic nervous system

3. An unconscious reflex

4. A sensory neuron reflex

Use of the somatic nervous system

Which of the following is an example of a parasympathetic response?

1. Sweating

2. Heightened awareness

3. Heart rate quickening

4. Heart rate slowing

Heart rate slowing

Which of the following are part of the central nervous system?

1. Brain, sensory neurons, and motor neurons

2. Sensory neurons and motor neurons

3. Brain, spinal cord, and heart

4. Spinal cord and brain

Spinal cord and brain

You see a donut on a plate displayed at your local bakery, and your mouth starts watering. Which nervous system allows this to happen?

1. Somatic

2. Motor

3. Autonomic

4. Sympathetic

Autonomic

When you touch a hot stove, which neurons tell your brain it's hot?

1. Central

2. Motor

3. Autonomic

4. Sensory

Sensory

four parts of the brain

• involved in basic function

• brainstem

• thalamus

• reticular formation

• cerebellum

• Bandura Totally Roughhoused Clowns

brainstem

the “stem” of your brain

thalamus

sits on your brainstem

reticular formation

• made up of nerve cells that run from your spinal cord through your brainstem and thalamus

• responsible for relaying reactions when you roughhouse

cerebellum

behind your brainstem

four parts of the limbic system

• that control motivations and emotions

• hypothalamus

• hippocampus

• amygdala

• pituitary

• Hungry Hounds Ate Pavlov

hypothalamus

helps regulate hunger

hippocampus

processes long-term memory

amygdala

responsible for your feelings of fear and anger

pituitary gland

a master gland that helps regulate the release of hormones

four lobes of the brain

• frontal

• temporal

• parietal

• occipital

• Freud Tore His Pants Off

frontal lobe

helps you speak, coordinate your movements and is also involved when you plan

temporal lobe

processes information about what you hear

parietal lobe

processes information about what you touch

occipital lobe

processes information about what you see

The temporal lobe processes information about _____, the parietal lobe processes information about _____ and the occipital lobe of the brain process information about _____ respectively.

1. sound, touch, and sight

2. sight, sound, and touch

3. taste, sound, and sight

4. touch, sound, and sight

sound, touch, and sight

The oldest parts of the brain are the _____.

1. frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes

2. hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and pituitary gland

3. thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum

4. brainstem, thalamus, reticular formation and cerebellum

brainstem, thalamus, reticular formation and cerebellum

How do the roles of the hippocampus and the hypothalamus differ?

1. The Hippocampus influences sex drive while the hypothalamus stores information for later use.

2. The Hippocampus influences body temperature and thirst while the hypothalamus processes long-term memory.

3. The Hippocampus processes feelings of fear and anger while the hypothalamus helps to release hormones.

4. The hippocampus processes long-term memory while the hypothalamus regulates hunger.

The hippocampus processes long-term memory while the hypothalamus regulates hunger.

Which part of the brain is composed of nerve cells that filter stimuli and runs from the spinal cord through the brainstem and thalamus?

1. Brainstem

2. Cerebellum

3. Reticular formation

4. Thalamus

Reticular formation

How can parts of the limbic system be remembered?

1. Hungry Hounds Ate Pavlov

2. Hungry Dogs Ate Pavlov

3. Hungry Hounds Obey Pavlov

4. Hungry Dogs Eat Pavlov

Hungry Hounds Ate Pavlov

Phineas Gage

was still able to walk and talk minutes after an iron rod was accidentally shot straight through his head

Broca’s aphasia

damage to the Broca’s area in their frontal lobe, which is one of the parts of the brain that processes our ability to speak

neuroplasticity

the brain’s ability to adjust to damage or new experiences

What happens when someone has a stroke?

1. They have trouble breathing.

2. The heart stops beating.

3. They have a hormone imbalance.

4. The blood doesn't reach part of their brain.

The blood doesn't reach part of their brain.

How can playing a musical instrument impact the brain?

1. It can improve the function of your frontal lobe.

2. It can increase the density of your parietal lobe.

3. It can increase the size of your temporal lobe.

4. It can increase the size of your occipital lobe.

It can increase the size of your temporal lobe.

What does the term neuroplasticity refer to?

1. The brain adjusting to damage or changing based on new abilities.

2. The way in which the brain functions like a computer.

3. The durability of brain tissue.

4. The composition of brain matter.

The brain adjusting to damage or changing based on new abilities.

What are the symptoms people with Broca's aphasia have?

1. They have an increased likelihood for stroke.

2. They have problems with hearing.

3. They have difficulty speaking.

4. They have trouble understanding others.

They have difficulty speaking.

Joseph has Broca's aphasia. What can help him recover his lost abilities?

1. Treatment, rehabilitation, and time.

2. Speaking, and playing musical instruments.

3. Reading, speaking, and walking.

4. Brain surgery, excercise, and sleeping.

Treatment, rehabilitation, and time.

In which of the following situations would insulin be released from the pancreas?

1. When you are experiencing a nightmare while you are asleep

2. When a female releases an egg during ovulation

3. When you've eaten a lot of candy at a party

4. When you see the person you have a crush on across the street and your heart starts racing

When you've eaten a lot of candy at a party

If you were being chased by a lion, which of the following would release adrenaline?

1. Thyroid

2. Pancreas

3. Pituitary gland

4. Adrenal gland

Adrenal gland

Which of the following does the pancreas regulate?

1. Emotions like fear and anger

2. The rate your body uses energy

3. How much adrenaline hormone is released

4. How much sugar is absorbed by cells

How much sugar is absorbed by cells

When a male hits puberty, which of the following is responsible for telling the testes to release testosterone?

1. Adrenal gland

2. Pituitary gland

3. Parathyroid

4. Thymus

Pituitary gland

Which of the following is a symptom of a hyperactive thyroid?

1. Low blood sugar

2. An overly slow heartbeat

3. Difficulty sleeping

4. Weight gain

Difficulty sleeping