Principles of Biomedical Science Study Guide Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering biomedical science concepts including experimental design, human body systems, genetics, and clinical lab practices.

In gel electrophoresis, the DNA disease allele is identified as one band because it is __________ by the restriction enzyme.

NOT cut

DNA migrates toward the __________ end of the gel because DNA has a negative charge.

positive

A pedigree trait is likely __________ if unaffected parents can have affected children.

recessive

In a pedigree, if both males and females are affected, the trait is most likely __________.

autosomal

If two carriers of a recessive trait have children, the probability of an affected child is __________ percent.

$$25\%$$

A __________ saline solution ($0.9\%\,NaCl$) is considered isotonic compared to blood.

normal

A patient experiencing severe dehydration who is given a hypertonic solution ($3\%\,NaCl$) will have water __________ their cells.

leave

The primary organ system associated with the Alveoli is the __________ system.

Respiratory

The __________ is the functional unit of the urinary system.

Nephron

The SA node is a critical structure within the __________ system.

cardiovascular

The Islets of Langerhans are part of the __________ system.

Endocrine

The __________ and antibodies are the primary components of the 3rd line of defense.

B cells - T cells

Three ways disease spreads include contact, airborne, and __________.

contaminated food

HIPAA stands for the Health Insurance __________ and Accountability Act.

Portability

The __________ variable is the specific factor that a scientist changes in an experiment.

independent

In an experiment testing fertilizer, the __________ group consists of plants that do not receive fertilizer.

control

The formula for estimating time since death (Algor Mortis) is Time (hrs) = __________ $\div 1.5$.

$$(98.6 - \text{Rectal Temp } ^\circ\text{F})$$

To calculate heart rate from a 6-second EKG strip, you count the number of __________ and multiply by 10.

R-peaks (QRS complexes)

A heart rate significantly higher than $100\,bpm$ is known as __________.

Tachycardia

A patient with a fasting blood glucose of $210\,mg/dL$ and an HbA1c of $8.2\%$ is most likely diagnosed with __________.

Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes is characterized by cells becoming __________ to insulin.

resistant

Type __________ blood is considered the Universal Donor because it has no antigens on the red blood cells.

O

The second step of creating a DNA profile is __________, which serves to copy specific DNA regions.

PCR

__________ is the database used in bioinformatics to analyze biological data.

Genbank

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of __________ in the arteries that restricts blood flow.

Plaque

The macromolecule __________ is often referred to as "bad cholesterol" because it delivers cholesterol to tissues.

LDL

Gram-positive bacteria stain __________ because they have a thick peptidoglycan layer.

purple

The four steps of Gram staining in order are Crystal violet, lodine, __________, and Safranin.

Alcohol wash

In DNA, Adenine pairs with __________ and is classified as a purine.

Thymine

Transcription occurs in the __________ while translation occurs at the ribosome.

Nucleus

The result of mitosis is 2 identical __________ cells with 46 chromosomes each.

diploid

Trisomy 21 is a result of a meiosis error called __________.

Nondisjunction

Sickle cell anemia follows an __________ inheritance pattern.

Autosomal recessive

Monosaccharides are the monomer for the macromolecule __________.

Carbohydrate

The monomer of a nucleic acid is a(n) __________.

nucleotide

Water moves from a __________ solute concentration to a high solute concentration during osmosis.

low

In the heart, the __________ wave on an EKG represents atrial contraction.

P

__________ feedback loops occur when insulin lowers blood glucose and glucagon raises it.

Negative

The diagnostic threshold for a fasting blood glucose test to indicate diabetes is __________ .

$$126\,mg/dL$$

In iterative design, a __________ is a limit the design must follow, while a criterion is a feature it should have to be successful.

constraint