phylum cnidaria review flashcards- marine science

Know these diagrams

What body structures do polyps and medusae have in common?

Gastrovascular cavity, epidermis, gaadtrodermis, mesoglea, tentacles, mouth/anus

Know the stinging cell diagram.

OK

Know Hydra diagram

Tentacles

Appendages arranged around the mouth that are used for defense and for catching prey

Mesoglea

Jellylike substance that fills the space between germ layers

Gastrovascular cavity

digestive chamber constraining only one opening

Ovary

reproductive organs that produce egg cells

Nerve net

A loosely organized network that allows a cnidarian to respond to a simple stimulus

Cnidocytes

Stinging cells found in the tentacles of cnidarians

Epidermis

The outermost layer of cells in a cnidarian body

Mouth

The opening into the gastrovascular cavity

Testes

Reproductive organs that produce sperm cells

Trigger

The movement of this structure cause the nematocyst to explode

Gastrodermis

The innermost layer of cells in a cndierian body

Nematocyst

Organelles that consist of long, barbed, poison-filled threat of material

Simple Diffusion

The process cnidarians carry out excretion, circulation, and respiration

Most jellyfish exist as separate sexes. Fertilization of gametes occurs in the water and produces a zygote that develops into a larva called planulae that uses its cilia to move. The larva settles to the ocean floor and develops into a polyp, then grows into a stack of ephyrae. Eventually, the polyp detaches into a free-swimming medusae jellyfish.

Description of the the jellyfish cycle.

Freshwater species, very small, regeneration abilities

How are hydras different from other members of their class?

Jellyfish use their belly muscles to contract and move upward while comb jellies have ctenes that aren’t as powerful, so they end up mostly being moved by the current

How are the movement of jellyfish different from comb jellies?

incomplete digestion (only have 1 hole)

What is the divadvtange of the gastrovascularcavity in cnidarians?

Interconnected neurons transmit signals which trigger a response

How does a nerve net react in response to stimulus?

are incredibly biodiverse, providing habitat and food for a quarter of all marine species, and play a vital role in coastal protection, fisheries, and tourism, supporting livelihoods and economies.

How are coral reefs critical to the ecosystem?

The clownfish live and maintain the anemone and use it for preotraction against predators and in return, theanemone get to eat the clownfish’s scraps

Descrbie the mutualism between a sea anemone and clownfish

Coral Bleaching

A stress response to a raise in temperature of 2 degrees Celsius where corals release algae, giving them a white “bleached” appearance

Have a complex digestive system, some are free-swimming, have stronger dense mechanism, have true tissue

Ways cndierians are more advanced than poriferans

Comb Jellies

an oval-shaped animal with eight rows of tiny comblike plates that it beats to move itself through the water

Comb jellies do not have stinging cells, comb jellies use cilia to move while jellyfish use belly muscles, comb jellies use tentacles to tangle as a main tactic of predation, different classification

Differences between comb jellies and jellyfish

Class Scyphozoa

Class name translates to “cup animals“

Scyphozoa

A class where the dominant form in the life cycle in Medusa but does include both media and polyp

Hydrozoa

Animals in this class have balloon-like flavors that keep them riding on the water surface

What is the process of a jellyfish sting?

The tentacle is touched by an animal, triggering it to latch onto the animal, breaking the animal’s cell wall and the nematocyte within the cnidocyte springs a toxin from the nematocyte inside it into the animal’s bloodstream, paralyzing it