ANFS251: Poultry

Poultry Classification

monogastric omnivores

Poultry Production and Feed

54% of feed mixed annually, 75% of production costs

Poultry Production Type

vertically integrated, most in confinement

Broilers

chickens raised for meat

Broiler Marketing Age

6 to 8 weeks

Broiler Feed Plans

multi stage rations, full fed for whole life

Broiler Feed Types

mash, pellets, crumbles

Broiler Feed Phases

pre starter, starter, starter 2

Pre Starter Broiler Feed

hatching until 3 weeks, 23% crude protein

Starter Broiler Feed

3 to 6 weeks, 20% crude protein

Starter 2 Broiler Feed

6 to 8 weeks, 18% crude protein

Broiler Feed Additives

antibiotics, coccidiostats

Replacement Pullet Feeding

restricted feeding, low level antibiotics

Poultry Restricted Feeding Reasons

slow sexual maturity, larger final size, reduce mortality, increase egg production

Poultry Feed Ingredients

corn and soybean

Laying Hen Production

first egg at 16-18 weeks

Layer Hen Nutrition

requires adequate calcium for egg production

Poultry Calcium Supplements

for layer hens, free choice oyster shell granules or other sources

Layer Hen Feeding Plan

phased feeding related to protein requirements

Phase 1 Layer Feeding

20-40 weeks, still growing

Phase 2 Layer Feeding

40 weeks to 65% production

Phase 3 Layer Feeding

65% production until 80 weeks

Layer Hen Feeding

daily free choice

Egg Size Factors

nutrition, energy, protein, fat, linoleic acid, methionine, cystine

Egg Size Control

increasing nutrients early increases egg size, decreasing controls late egg size

Molting and Eggs

molting can improve the rate of lay, shell quality, and egg albumen height

Poultry Breeding

introduce males 4 weeks prior to fertile egg needs

Poultry Breeder Nutrients

vitamin E, vitamin K, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, cobalamin, manganese

Poultry Restricted Feeding

prevents overly fat birds, reduces lipid, reduces growth, reduces ascites and leg problems

Restricted Poultry Feeding Nutrients

depends on fortified diets with thiamine, biotin, B12, manganese, zinc, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folacin

Poultry Male Management

8-10 females per male, feed separately with raised feeders, weight loss reduces fertility

Turkey Protein Requirement

28% while growing, lowers to 14%

Turkey Feeding

mash feed, antibiotics, coccidiostats