Lab Practical 2

Order:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics

Order: Hyracoidea

Family: Procaviidae

CN: Hyraxes

Characteristics

• Syndactylus - to end of phalanges

• Possess footpads w/ no large claws

  • Act as suction cups when climbing

• 1 over 2 pectinate incisors

• Upper incisors are triangular in cross-section

• Large jugal

• Very short tail

• 4-11 lbs; 1-2 ft long

Order:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics

Order: Sirenia

Family: Dugongidae

CN: Dugongs

Characteristics

• Notched tail fluke

• Reduced dentition

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics

Order: Sirenia

Family: Trichechidae

CN: Manatees

SN: Trichechus manatus - West Indian Manatee

Characteristics

• Functionally polyphyodont

• Increased # of cheek teeth

• Rounded (spatulate) tail fluke

InfraOrder Cetacea Characteristics & Common Name

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

CN: Whales

Characteristics

• Fusiform body shape

• Forelimbs are modified as flexible flippers

• Hind limbs externally absent

• Tail modified as a fluke

• Skull bones telescoped to top of head

• Nares (blowholes) on top of head

2 ParvOrders of Infraorder Cetacea

1. Mysticeti

2. Odontoceti

Order:

InfraOrder:

ParvOrder: Mysticeti

CN:

Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Mysticeti

CN: Baleen Whales

Characteristics

• All >7 meters long

• Possess baleen plates instead of teeth

• 2 external nares (blowholes)

• Skull is bilaterally symmetrical

Order of InfraOrder Cetacea

Artiodactyla

Order:

InfraOrder:

ParvOrder: Odontoceti

CN:

Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Odontoceti

CN: Toothed Whales

Characteristics

• Smaller than mysticeti

• Have 2-220 homodont teeth

• 1 external nare (blowhole)

• Skull is bilaterally asymmetrical

• Use echolocation

Order:

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ParvOrder:

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Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Mysticeti

Family: Balaenidae

CN: Right Whales

Characteristics

• Highly arched rostrum

• Throat is NOT grooved

• Dorsal fin is absent

• Flippers are short and rounded

Order:

InfraOrder:

ParvOrder:

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Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Mysticeti

Family: Eschrichtiidae

CN: Gray Whale

Characteristics

• Less arched rostrum

• Low dorsal hump; dorsal fin absent

• Throat has only a few short grooves

• Tail has folded ridge on dorsal side

Order:

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Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Mysticeti

Family: Balaenopteridae

CN: Rorquals

Characteristics

• Numerous parallel grooves on head and chest

• Long, elongated flippers

• Dorsal fin, about two-thirds of the way back

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InfraOrder:

ParvOrder:

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Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Odontoceti

Family: Delphinidae

CN: Dolphins, Killer Whales, Pilot Whales

Characteristics

• Many possess “melon” fatty deposit causing bulge on forehead

• In general:

  • Porpoise = No beak, squared head, chunky body

  • Dolphin = Beak, streamlined slender body

• Also includes several species of whales

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Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Odontoceti

Family: Monodontidae

CN: White Whale, Beluga, Narwhal

Characteristics

• Robust bodies, broad rostrum

• No dorsal fin

• Skull - Top of rostrum is flat or slightly convex

• Males have tusks = upper left incisor (Narwhal)

Order:

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Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Odontoceti

Family: Physeteridae

CN: Sperm Whale

Characteristics

• Large, blunt head

• Small flippers

• Small dorsal hump

• “Moby Dick”

Order:

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ParvOrder:

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Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Mysticeti

Family: Balaenopteridae

CN: Blue Whale

SN: Balaenoptera musculus

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Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Odontoceti

Family: Delphinidae

CN: Common Bottlenosed Dolphin

SN: Tursiops truncatus

Order:

InfraOrder:

ParvOrder:

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Order: Artiodactyla

InfraOrder: Cetacea

ParvOrder: Odontoceti

Family: Monodontidae

CN: Beluga

SN: Delphinapterus leucas

Order:

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CN:

SN:

Order: Probosidea

Family: Elephantidae

CN: African Bush Elephant

SN: Loxodonta africana

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Order: Probosidea

Family: Elephantidae

CN: African Forest Elephant

SN: Loxodonta cyclotis

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Order: Probosidea

Family: Elephantidae

CN: Asian Elephant

SN: Elephas maximus

Order:

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CN:

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Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Bovidae

CN: Domestic Goat

SN: Capra hircus

Characteristics:

• Horns go straight back

• Possess true horns that are not shed

• Many possess preorbital vacuities (pits)

• Four chambered stomachs

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Bovidae

CN: Rocky Mountain Goat

SN: Oreamnos americanus

Characteristics:

• Thick bodied

• White hair

• Thin black horns

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Bovidae

CN: Bighorn Sheep

SN: Ovis canadensis

Characteristics:

• Large curling horns

• Large heads, double-layered skulls shored with struts of bone

Order:

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Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Bovidae

CN: Domestic Cow

SN: Bos taurus

Characteristics:

• Thin small gap between pre-nasals

Order:

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SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Bovidae

CN: American Bison

SN: Bison bison

Characteristics:

• 1 inch gap between pre-nasals

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Antilocapridae

CN: Pronghorn Antelope

SN: Antilocapra americana

Characteristics:

• Not true horns; bony core w/ keratinized sheath that is shed annually

• Fastest land animal in North America

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Cervidae

CN: Moose

SN: Alces alces

Characteristics:

• Elaborate palmate antlers; possess tracks where blood vessels were located during antlers growth

• Largest animal in deer family

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Cervidae

CN: Caribou / Reindeer

SN: Rangifer tarandus

Characteristics:

• Both sexes have antlers

• Antlers are flattened, palmate, and asymmetrical

• Broad, flat, deeply cleft hooves

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Cervidae

CN: Fallow Deer

SN: Dama dama

Characteristics:

• White spots retained as adults

• Semi-palmated antlers

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Cervidae

CN: North American Elk

SN: Cervus canadensis

Characteristics:

• Antlers — One beam with tines; large curve

• Upper canine teeth present; “elk teeth”

• Buff colored rump

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Cervidae

CN: Mule Deer / Black-tailed Deer

SN: Odocoileus hemionus

Characteristics:

• Antlers — Dichotomous branching

• Larger ears and rump

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Cervidae

CN: White-tailed Deer

SN: Odocoileus virginianus

Characteristics:

• Antlers — 1 main beam w/ all points (tines) coming off main structure

• White tail — ventor surface exposed when alarmed

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Giraffidae

CN: Northern Giraffe

SN: Giraffa camelopardalis

Characteristics:

• Ossicones — Short, permanent, unbranched horns covered in hair

Order:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Hippopotamidae

CN: Hippopotamus

Characteristics:

• Eyes and nostrils located on top of head

• Alveoli of lower canines anterior to incisors

Order:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Camelidae

CN: Camels, Llamas, Alpacas

Characteristics:

• No upper incisors

• Deeply cleft upper lip

• Complex 3-chambered ruminating stomach

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Tayassuidae

CN: Collared Peccary

SN: Dicotyles tajacu

Characteristics:

• Triangular skull; small

• Canines do NOT flair

• Tiny paroccipital process

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Suidae

CN: Wild/Domestic Pig

SN: Sus scrofa

Characteristics:

• Triangular skull shape; NOT bilaterally symmetrical; concave rostrum

• Large paroccipital process

• Canines flair out

Family Bovidae Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Bovidae

CN: Antelope, Cows, Goats, Sheep

Characteristics:

• Possess true horns; not shed

• Many possess preorbital vacuities (pits)

• Four chambered stomachs

Family Cervidae Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Cervidae

CN: Deer, Elk, Moose

Characteristics:

• Antlers — Males only (except caribou)

• Velvet — Highly vascularized

• Pedicle — Extension of frontal bone; is where antlers attach

• Cannon Bone — Fused metacarpals and metatarsals; radius and ulna fused; loss of clavicle

• Dewclaws — Vestigial 2nd and 5th digits

Order Artiodactyla Characteristics

Order: Artiodactyla

CN: Even-toed Ungulates

Characteristics:

• Paraxonic — Weight passes between 3rd and 4th digits

• Some have antlers, a bony structure that is shed annually

• Some have horns, a bony structure that is covered by a keratinized sheath

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

CN: Bobcat

SN: Lynx rufus

Characteristics:

• Spots on fur

• Small feet

• Short hair tuft on ear

• Black on top of tail tip

• Triangular foramen behind auditory bullae

• 28 teeth

• Compared to Felis catus: LACKS extra premolar

Order:

SubOrder:

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CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

CN: Jaguar

SN: Panthera onca

Characteristics:

• More massive head (compared to leopard)

• Larger blotchy rosettes (compared to leopard)

Order:

SubOrder:

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Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

CN: Leopard

SN: Panthera pardus

Characteristics:

• More compact body (than jaguar)

• Tightly clustered rosettes

Order:

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Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

CN: Tiger

SN: Panthera tigris

Order:

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CN:

SN:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

CN: African Lion

SN: Panthera leo

Order:

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Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Hyaenidae

CN: Spotted Hyena

SN: Crocuta crocuta

Characteristics:

• Large head & neck

• Spotted coat; lacks mane

• “Laughing” vocalizations

• Can consume whole carcass

• Matriarchal society

• Female genitalia resembles male

  • Lack external vagina, possess “pseudo-penis”

  • Use 8-inch extended clitoris to urinate, mate, anally mount males and females for dominance, & give birth

  • To mate, female retracts genitalia back into body

Family Hyaenidae Characteristics

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Hyaenidae

CN: Hyenas

Characteristics:

• Long neck and forelimbs, shorter hind limbs

• Coarse pelage

• Sexual dimorphism — females larger

• Protrusible anal scent glands

• No baculum

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Canidae

CN: Red Wolf

SN: Canis rufus

Characteristics:

• Most endangered wolf

• Smaller than Gray Wolf

  • Shorter fur, longer legs and ears, narrow proportions

• Color is Cinnamon to black

Family Canidae Characteristics

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Canidae

CN: Wolves, Coyotes, Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Dingos, etc.

Characteristics:

• Elongated rostrum

• 42 teeth (typical)

Order:

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CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Canidae

CN: Red Fox

SN: Vulpes vulpes

Characteristics:

• Temporal ridge is V-shaped

• Lower jaw is rounded & will rock back and forth

Order:

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CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Canidae

CN: Gray Fox

SN: Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Characteristics:

• Mix of white, red, black, & gray fur

• Temporal ridge is U-shaped

• Lower jaw is flat & will NOT rock

• “Notch” on mandible

Order:

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CN:

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Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Canidae

CN: Coyote

SN: Canis latrans

Characteristics:

• Canines extend beyond the mental foramen

• Compared to dog, coyote has larger, further back last molariform teeth; notecard will SHOW part of nasal cavity

Order:

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Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Canidae

CN: Domestic Dog

SN: Canis lupus familiaris

Characteristics:

• Smaller last molariform tooth than coyote

  • If you run a notecard up to the last molariform tooth, you CANNOT see the nasal cavity

Order:

SubOrder:

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CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Canidae

CN: Gray Wolf

SN: Canis lupus lupus

Characteristics:

• Largest wild canid

• Dominance hierarchy

• Hunt and live in packs (5-9 wolves)

Order:

SubOrder:

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CN:

SN:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Herpestidae

CN: Indian Mongoose

SN: Herpestes javanicus

Family Herpestidae Characteristics

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Herpestidae

CN: Mongooses

Characteristics

• Elongate bodies with short legs

• Short rostrum

• 32-40 teeth

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

CN: Mountain Lion / Cougar / Puma / Panther

SN: Puma concolor

Characteristics:

• Large skull

• 30 teeth

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

CN: Domestic Cat

SN: Felis catus

Compared to Lynx rufus: HAS extra premolar

Order:

SubOrder:

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CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

CN: Canada Lynx

SN: Lynx canadensis

Characteristics:

• No spots on fur

• Large feet

• Long hair tufts on ears

• Tail tip is black top & bottom

• 28 teeth

Order Carnivora Characteristics

1. Specialized dentition

   • Carnassial (shearing or cutting) dentition (P4, M1)

   • Elongated canines

2. Wrist bones are fused

3. Well-developed claws

4. Heavy skulls — increased muscle attachment

5. Well-developed brain and cerebral hemisphere

6. Most possess baculum (penis bone)

7. Most have anal sacs

8. Simple stomach

Fissipeds Definition

Terrestrial carnivores

Pinnipeds Definition

Aquatic carnivores; “feather footed”; fusiform in shape

SubOrders of Order Carnivora

• Feliformia

  • Cat-like carnivores

• Caniformia

  • Dog-like carnivores

SubOrder Feliformia Characteristics

Auditory Bulla: Two chambered (divided)

Claws: Protractible in Felids

Diversity: 121 species, 54 genera, 9 families; Fissiped

Other: Shorter rostrum; Fewer teeth

SubOrder Caniformia Characteristics

Auditory Bulla: Single-chambered (not to partially divided)

Claws: Non-retractile

Diversity: 165 species, 72 genera, 6 families; Fissiped & Pinniped

Other: Well-developed baculum

Family Felidae Characteristics

1. Shortened rostrum

2. Well-developed carnassials and canines

3. Reduced size and number of other teeth

4. Most have protractable claws

5. 5 toes on forelimbs, 4 on hind limbs

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mustelidae

CN: Wolverine

SN: Gulo gulo

Characteristics:

• Largest mustelid

• Aggressive; territorial

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Ursidae

CN: Bears

Characteristics:

• Plantigrade feet

• Elongated skulls — cheek teeth bunodont and carnassials are flattened

• Have a large paroccipital process

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Ursidae

CN: Giant Panda

SN: Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Ursidae

CN: Grizzly Bear

SN: Ursus arctos

Characteristics:

• Concave face

• Hump on back

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Ursidae

CN: Polar Bear

SN: Ursus maritimus

Characteristics:

• Yellowish/White pelage

• Black skin

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Ailuridae

CN: Red Panda

SN: Ailurus fulgens

Characteristics:

• Monotypic family

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Odobenidae

CN: Walrus

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Equidae

CN: Domestic Horse

SN: Equus caballus

Order:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics:

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Tapiridae

CN: Tapirs

Characteristics:

• Elongated rostrum

• Short proboscis

• Short nasal bone

• Body rounded in back; tapered in front

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Rhinocerotidae

CN: White Rhino

SN: Ceratotherium simum

Characteristics:

• Flat square nose

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Rhinocerotidae

CN: Black Rhino

SN: Diceros bicornis

Characteristics:

• Pointed V nose

Family Rhinocerotidae Characteristics

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Rhinocerotidae

CN: Rhinoceros

Characteristics:

• Hair Horns — no bone connection; keratinized tissue

• Only perissodactyl with head ornamentation

• Small braincase; nasal bone projected forward

Family Equidae Characteristics

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Equidae

CN: Horses, Zebras, Asses

Characteristics:

• 3rd digit only

• Heavy skull

• Postorbital bar

• Hypsodont dentition — 4 main columns and various infoldings — for gritty, fibrous material

Order Perissodactyla Characteristics

Order: Perissodactyla

CN: Odd-Toed Ungulates

Characteristics:

• Mesaxonic — weight borne on central (3rd) digit

• Elongated rostrum

• Hindgut fermenters

  • Simple stomachs

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Otariidae — Eared Seals

CN: California Sea Lion

SN: Zalophus californianus

Characteristics:

• Has ears

• Has preorbital process

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Phocidae — Earless Seals

CN: Harbor Seal

SN: Phoca vitulina

Characteristics:

• Lacks ears

• Lacks preorbital process

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Ursidae

CN: Black Bear

SN: Ursus americanus

Characteristics:

• Smallest bear in North America

• Color can be variable

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Procyonidae

CN: Raccoon

SN: Procyon lotor

Characteristics:

• 40 teeth (20/20)

• Striped tail

• Mask around eyes

• Identify skull by process of elimination

  • Not long enough to be canine

  • Not short enough to be feline

Order:

SubOrder:

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CN:

SN:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mephitidae

CN: Eastern Spotted Skunk

SN: Spilogale putorius

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mephitidae

CN: Striped Skunk

SN: Mephitis mephitis

Characteristics:

• Well developed anal glands

• Palate ends before last molar

• Black and white pelage

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mustelidae

CN: American Badger

SN: Taxidea taxus

Characteristics:

• Long claws for digging

• Last molar triangular

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mustelidae

CN: American Mink

SN: Neogale vison

Characteristics:

• Tails have black tips

• White chest and chin

• Palate extends past molars

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mustelidae

CN: Long-tailed Weasel

SN: Neogale frenata

Characteristics:

• Long slender bodies; tail about 50% of head/body length

• Northern populations = brown summer; white winter

• Southern populations = brown year round

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mustelidae

CN: Least Weasel

SN: Mustela nivalis

Characteristics:

• Color dimorphism

• Smallest carnivore in the world

Order:

SubOrder:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mustelidae

CN: North American River Otter

SN: Lontra canadensis

Characteristics:

• 36 teeth

• Bunodont dentition

• Skull flattened

Family Mustelidae Characteristics

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mustelidae

CN: Weasels, Badgers, Otters, Ferrets, Wolverines, Minks

Characteristics:

• Elongated bodies with short legs

• Pentadactyl

• Possess 34-36 teeth

• Largest North American family of carnivores (# of species)

• Well developed anal glands

• Skull

  • Huge braincase

  • Short palate; only ~25% teeth (vs canids with 50% teeth)

Family Mephitidae Characteristics

Order: Carnivora

SubOrder: Caniformia

Family: Mephitidae

CN: Skunks and Stink Badgers

Characteristics:

• Well developed anal glands

Cingulata & Pilosa Characteristics

• Rigid axial skeleton

• Xenarthrales (“strange joints”)

• Vertebrae contain an accessory process which allows for muscle attachment

  • Helps to support lower back and hips

• Specialized claws

• Reduction or simplification of dentition

• Restricted to tropical and subtropical areas in the New World because they are inefficient homeotherms

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Cingulata

Family: Dasypodidae - Armadillos

CN: Nine-banded Armadillo

SN: Dasypus novemcinctus

Characteristics:

• Possesses flexible jointed carapace

• Homodont dentition

• Monozygotic polyembryony

• Delayed implantation

Order:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics:

Order: Pilosa

Family: Choloepodidae

CN: Two-toed Sloths

Characteristics:

• 2 toes on forefoot

• Incomplete zygomatic arch

• First cheek tooth is canine-like

• Larger and faster moving

Order:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics:

Order: Pilosa

Family: Bradypodidae

CN: Three-toed Sloths

Characteristics:

• 3 toes on forefoot

• Wing-like zygomatic arch

• Peg-like teeth

• Smaller and less active than 2-toed sloths

Order:

Family:

CN:

SN:

Characteristics:

Order: Pilosa

Family: Myrmecophagidae - True Anteaters

CN: Southern Tamandua

SN: Tamandua tetradactyla

Characteristics:

• Edentate - no teeth

• Shaggy thick Pelage

• Small ears

• Elongated skull and rostrum

Order:

Family:

CN:

Order: Pilosa

Family: Cyclopedidae

CN: Silky Anteater

Order:

Family:

CN:

Characteristics:

Order: Pholidota

Family: Manidae

CN: Pangolins & Scaly Anteaters

Characteristics:

• Edentate - no teeth

• Scales made of keratinized epidermal cells

• Sticky tongue that goes past sternum and attaches to the pelvis bone