examples!!

secondary legislation

Theresa May 2018/19 Brexit measures

• 600+ statutory instruments allowing the gov. to make any decisions about Brexit, the return of powers and the rights of people without having to consult Parliament or be scrutinised

Public Order Act 2023 - expanding definitions of police powers, rejected by Lords, but then used the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 to introduce Public Order Act 1986 Regulations 2023, introducing the very powers rejected

legislation rejected by the Commons

Brexit Withdrawal Agreement (2019): The Commons overwhelmingly rejected the government's EU withdrawal deal by 230 votes (432-202), a significant defeat for Theresa May

Theresa May in general: Suffered 33 defeats from 2017-2019, compared to only 7 for Cameron in 5 years of coalition

vote of no confidence

Boris Johnson (2022): Survived a vote by his own MPs, but 41% voted against him after 'Partygate'

Callaghan (1979): Labour PM James Callaghan's government lost a vote 311 to 310, leading to a general election and Conservative victory under Margaret Thatcher

distortion of party representation 2024 GE

Labour: 411 seats, 34%

Conservative: 121 seats, 24%

Lib Dems: 72 seats, 12.2%

Reform: 5 seats, 14.3%

confidence and supply agreement

Theresa May and the DUP (2017-2019): 10 DUP MPs supported government legislation, the budget, and any votes of confidence in exchange for £1bn in extra funding for the Northern Ireland Assembly