Acid-Base Chemistry Flashcards

Flashcards about Acid-Base Reactions to assist in exam preparation.

What are proton transfer reactions?

Reactions where protons are transferred between chemical species.

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A proton donor.

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A proton acceptor.

What is the fundamental interaction between acids and bases?

Acids and bases neutralize each other through a 'tug of war' for H+ ions.

Give examples of common acids.

Citric acid (citrus fruits), acetic acid (vinegar), and sulfuric acid (car batteries).

Give examples of common bases.

Detergents, soap, and sodium hydroxide (lye).

Which type of acid is an electron pair acceptor?

Lewis Acid

Which type of base is an electron pair donor?

Lewis Base

What does a conjugate acid/base pair consist of?

The substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a proton.

When determining the conjugate base, what must you do?

Remove one hydrogen and adjust the charge down by 1

When determining the conjugate acid, what must you do?

Add one H+ and adjust the charge up by one

What is the formula that represents conjugate acid/base pairs?

HA + B ↔ A- + BH+

In the Bronsted-Lowry acid base system, what can act as an acid or a base?

Water

In the following equilibrium, which species represent a conjugate acid-base pair? CH3CH2COOH(aq) + H2O(1) CH3CH2COO-(aq) + H3O*(aq)

CH3CH2COOH and CH3CH2COO-

Which of the following is not a conjugate acid-base pair? HNO3 and NO3-, CH3COOH and CH3COO-, H2O+ and OH-, or HSO4- and SO42-?

H3O+ and OH-

What does a water molecule ionize into?

Hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion

What formulas are to be used to determine the pH of a solution?

pH = –log10[H+ ]; [H+ ] = 10–pH

Which solution is more acidic, a solution with a larger or smaller pH?

A solution with a smaller pH

Generally, how does pH influence [H+]?

pH decreases as [H+] increases.

What is the formula for percent ionization?

Amount ionized/ initial concentration x 100

What are the strong acids?

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3 and H2SO4

What are the strong bases?

Group 1 hydroxides

What tastes do acids have?

Tart or sour taste

What tastes do bases have?

Bitter taste and feels slippery

Describe alkalis.

An alkali dissolve in water and directly release OH- ions

Salt and water

An acid plus a base yields what?

Salt and hydrogen

An acid plus a metal yields what?

Salt and water

An acid plus a metal oxide yields what?

Salt plus water and carbon dioxide

An acid plus a hydrogen carbonate yields what?

What bases are included in reactions of acids and bases?

Bases should include ammonia, amines, soluble carbonates and hydrogencarbonates;

What acids are included in reactions of acids and bases?

Acids should include organic acids