general anatomy

skipped heart sections on pages 6 and 7

what is the general purpose of simple squamous cells

air and fluid diffusion

where can we find simple squamous cells

alveoli

capillaries

blood vessels

lymph vessels

what is the general purpose of stratified squamous cells

areas of high friction

where can we find keratinized stratified squamous cells

skin

where can we find non-keratinized stratified squamous cells

oral cavity

anal cavity

vagina

esophagus

what is the general purpose of simple cuboidal cells

secretion

protection

movement

where can we find simple cuboidal cells

bronchioles

kidney tubules

secretory ducts of small glands

choroid plexus

what kind of simple cuboidal cells are on the thyroid

follicular cells

what kind of simple cuboidal cells are in the choroid plexus

ependymal cells

what is the general purpose of stratified cuboidal cells

secretion

where are stratified cuboidal cells found

sweat glands

what is the general purpose of transitional epithelium

stretch and expansion

where can transitional epithelium be found

urinary bladder

ureters

urethra

what is the purpose of simple columnar

absorption

where can simple columnar be found

stomach

intestines

digestive tract

what is the main purpose of stratified columnar tissue

reproductive tract

where is the location of stratified columnar tissue

uterus

what is the general purpose of pseudostratified ciliated columnar tissue

respiratory tract

where is the location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar tissue

majority of pulmonary tract

from nose to bronchioles

what are examples of macrophage cells

dust cells

kupffer cells

microglia

langerhans

where are dust cells located

lungs w

where are kuppfer cells located

liver

where are microglia located

brain

where are langerhans cells located

skin

what do osteoclasts do

remodel bone

where can we find dense regular tissue

tendons and ligaments

where can we find dense irregular tissue

dermis of the skin

where can we find elastic tissue

blood vessels

where can we find reticular tissue

lymph nodes and spleen

what type of collagen are tendons and ligaments made out of

type 1

what type of collagen are lymph nodes and the spleen made out of

type 3

where are type 1 collagen fibers mainly found

bones

tendons

organs

where are type 2 collagen fibers found

mainly in cartilage

where are type 3 collagen fibers mainly found

mainly in reticular fibers

where are type 4 collagen fibers mainly found

reticular fibers

how many layers does the epidermis have

5

list the layers of the epidermis from superior to inferior

corneum

lucidum

granulosum

spinosum

germinativum

what is the pneumonic to remember the layers of the skin

cows like green soft grass

what layer of the skin contains melanin

striatum germinativum

what are the layers of the dermis

papillary

reticular

hypodermis

what are the suprahyoid muscles

stylohyoid

digastric

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

what is the innervation for the stylohyoid

CN VII

what is the innervation for the anterior belly of the digastric

CN V

what is the innervation for the posterior belly of the digastric

CN VII

what is the innervation for the mylohyoid

CN V

what is the innervation for the geniohyoid

C1 spinal nerve via CN XII

what are the infrahyoid muscles

thyrohyoid

omohyoid

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

what is the pneumonic for the infrahyoid muscles

TOSS IN

what is the innervation for the thyrohyoid

C1 spinal nerve via CN XII

what is the innervation for the omohyoid

ansa cervicalis

what is the innervation for the sternohyoid

ansa cervicalis

what is the innervation for the sternothyroid

ansa cervicalis

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

palatoglossus

styloglossus

hyoglossus

genioglossus

what is the innervation for palatoglossus

CN X

what is the action of palatoglossus

elevate tongue

what is the innervation for the styloglossus

CN XII

what is the action for styloglossus

elevate and retract tongue

what is the innervation for hyoglossus

CN XII

what is the action for hyoglossus

depress and retract tongue

what is the innervation for genioglossus

CN XII

what is the action for genioglossus

depress and protrude tongue

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

superior and inferior longitudinal

transverse muscle

vertical muscle

what is the innervation for the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles of the tongue

CN XII

what is the innervation for the transverse muscle of the tongue

CN XII

what is the innervation for the vertical muscle of the tongue

CN XII

what does teh frenullum attach

tongue to the floor of the mouth

what does the frenulum do

separate anterior and posterior spaces

what are the largesst and fewest tastebuds

circumvallate

where are the circumvallate located

anterior to the sulcus terminalis

what are the smallest and most numerous tastebuds

filiform

are filiforms involved with taste

no

what are the first tastebuds on the tongue

fungiform

where are the foliate located

sides of the tongue

what cranial nerve is responsible for taste to the anterior 2/3 part of the tongue

7

what cranial nerve is responsible for taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

9

what cranial nerve is responsible for sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

5

what cranial nerve is responsible for sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

9

what is another name for the tonsils

rings of waldeyer

what are the tonsils

lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat

what is a pharyngeal adenoid

a single tonsil

where are the adenoids located

on the roof of the nasopharynx

what structure can be occluded if there is swelling of the adnoids

eustachian tube

what is a tubal

bilateral tonsils

where are the tubal tonsils located

inside mucosa of lateral walls of nasopharynx

what are the palatine tonsils

bilateral tonsils

where are the palatines located

either side of the oropharynx within the isthmus os the fauces

what is a lingual

singular tonsil

where are the lingual tonsils located

base of posterior 1/3 of tongue

what is the action of the posterior cricoarytenoids

abducts vocal cords

opens glottis

what is the action of the lateral cricoartenyoids

adducts vocal folds

what is the action of the thyroarytenoids

adducts the vocal cords

what is the action of the thyroarytenoids

relaxes vocal ligaments

creates low pitch sound

what is the action of the cricothyroids

tenses and lengthens vocal ligaments

what is the glottis a part of

larynx

what does the glottis consist of

vocal cords and the opening between them

what is the action of the glottis

voice production

what are the unpaired laryngeal cartilages

thyroid

cricoid

epiglottis

what spinal level is the thyroid cartilage at

C4-C5

what does the thyroid cartilage form

laryngeal prominence

superior and inferior horns

what spinal level is the cricoid cartilage at

C6