november 2023

how are DRVs useful when planning meals? (4)

• helps prevent malnutrition

• useful to people of different ages

• helps to plan nutritionally balanced meals

• estimates average amount of energy needed by different groups of people

how can too much salt affect health? (4)

• hypertension

• oedema

• heart disease/stroke

plant-based products containing a high proportion of saturated fat? (4)

• coconut butter

• shea butter

• palm oil

• shea butter

why do some proteins have a higher biological value that others?

why do you seal edges well after rolling and folding?

• keep air trapped between layers as dough is rolled and folded

• the air helps the pastry to rise and create texture

• prevents the fat leaking out of the pastry

why do you rest pastry in the fridge after rolling and folding?

• prevent pastry from shrinking when baking

• keep fats from melting

• relax the stretched gluten

what happens to rough puff pastry when cooked in a hot oven?

• fat melts

• trapped air expands and rises

• water in dough evaporates

• pastry turns golden brown

• starch turns to dextrin

• pastry develops flaky/crumbly layers

principles of heat transference involved when grilling meat?

• heated is transferred by em waves

• heat travels in straight lines to the meat

• no medium such as gas, liquid or solid is used

• heat is transferred directly onto meat from heat source

• heat is absorbed by the food being cooked

• no direct contact of heat source and meat being cooked

reasons why a manufacturer may use antioxidants when manufacturing a food product?

• prevents enzymic browning

• reduces wastage of food products

• improves the quality of food

• extends shelf life of foods

• prevents destruction of vitamins (especially a, c, e)

principles involved in pressure cooking?

• food and liquid are put into the pressure cooker

• the lid is locked on

• the pan fills with steam when the liquid inside boils

• most of the steam cannot escape so the pressure builds up inside

• it is a quick method of cooking