Human Body Systems and Functions (Lecture Notes)

Question-and-answer flashcards covering the major body systems, their functions, and key organs as listed in the notes.

What is the primary function of the Lymphatic System?

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract; consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.

What structures make up the Lymphatic System?

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.

What is the essential function of the Respiratory System?

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.

What organs are included in the Respiratory System?

Lungs and respiratory passages.

What does the Digestive System do?

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

Which organs comprise the Digestive System?

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

What gland produces milk for the newborn?

Mammary glands.

Which organs form the Urinary System?

Kidneys, urinary bladder, and ureters.

What is the Female Reproductive System responsible for?

Produces oocytes, site of fertilization and fetal development, produces milk for the newborn, and produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors; consists of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and associated structures.

What is the Male Reproductive System responsible for?

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors; consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis.

What does the Integumentary System do?

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D; consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.

What are the components of the Skeletal System?

Bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

What is the function of the Muscular System?

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat; consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

What does the Nervous System do?

Detects sensations and controls movements; regulates physiological processes and intellectual functions; consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

What does the Endocrine System do?

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions; consists of endocrine glands such as the pituitary that secrete hormones.

What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?

Transports nutrients, wastes, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and regulation of body temperature; consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.