Revolutions and Political Changes in the Early 20th Century

Flashcards covering important events, figures, and concepts from the revolutions and political changes in the early 20th century across Russia, China, and Mexico.

Nicholas II

The last Russian Tsar, whose failure to address political opposition led to his assassination in 1918.

Bloody Sunday

A significant event on January 22, 1905, when peaceful protesters were shot by the Tsar's troops, killing approximately 1,300 marchers.

Bolsheviks

A revolutionary organization led by Vladimir Lenin that seized power in Russia in 1917 and established a communist government.

Russo-Japanese War

A conflict from 1904 to 1905, where Japan defeated Russia, marking the first time an East Asian state beat a European power.

Communism

A political philosophy advocating for collective ownership of production and wealth, as promoted by the Bolsheviks in Russia.

Sun Yat-sen

A revolutionary leader in China who overthrew the Qing dynasty in 1911 and advocated for democracy, nationalism, and livelihood.

The Qing Dynasty

The last imperial dynasty of China, which faced significant internal challenges leading to its downfall in 1911.

Mexican Revolution

A conflict starting in 1910 that sought to address issues of land redistribution and political corruption in Mexico under Porfirio Diaz.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

The leader of the Turkish National Movement who established the Republic of Turkey in 1923 and implemented significant reforms.

Imperial China

A powerful and innovative state in history that faced decline due to European industrialization and internal strife by the late 18th century.

Young Turks

A reformist group in the Ottoman Empire that advocated for modernization and Turkish nationalism in the early 20th century.

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

A political party formed in Mexico in 1929 that dominated politics for much of the 20th century, despite widespread criticism.

Civil Liberties

The personal freedoms protected from governmental infringement, which the Tsarist government in Russia was reluctant to recognize.

Famine in China

A significant issue during the 19th century due to rapid population growth without corresponding agricultural expansion.

Land Redistribution

A central theme in the Mexican Revolution, aimed at addressing land ownership inequalities among the population.