Math Exam vocab

altitude

perpendicular line segment from a vertex to the opposite side of a triangle

centroid

the point where the three medians of a triangle intersect

circumcenter

the point where the three perpendicular bisectors of a triangle intersect, equidistant from the vertices

concurrent lines

lines that intersect at a single point

incenter

the point where the three angle bisectors of a triangle intersect, equidistant from the sides

median

a line segment from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side of a triangle

orthocenter

the point where the three altitudes of a triangle intersect

perpendicular bisector

a line that divides a segment into two equal parts at a right angle

point of concurrency

the point where three or more lines meet or intersect in a geometric figure

base

the bottom side of a triangle

base angle

the angle formed between a base and a leg of a triangle

isosceles triangle

a triangle with at least two equal sides

diagonal

a line segment conecting two non-adjacent points in a polygon

kite

a quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of adjacent sides that are equal in length

legs

the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle or the two sides that are adjacent to the right angle in a right triangle

midsegment of a trapazoid

a segment that connects the midpoints of the non-parallel sides of a trapezoid, and is parallel to the bases

parallelogram

A quadrilateral with opposite sides that are equal in length and parallel.

rectangle

A parallelogram with four right angles, where opposite sides are equal in length.

rhombus

A quadrilateral where all four sides are of equal length and opposite angles are equal.

square

all four sides are equal and all 4 angles are equal

trapezoid

A quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides

cross products

the product of multiplying the numerator of one fraction by the denominator of the other

dilation

transformation that changes the size of a figure

enlargement

a dilation in which the image is larger than the original

extremes

the outer numbers in a proportion or ratio

means

inner numbers in a proportion or ratio

midsegment of a triangle

a line segment that connects the midpoints of two sides of a triangle

proportion

an equation stating that two ratios are equal

ratio

comparison of two quantities

reduction

dilation where image is smaller

scale

ratio representing size change in a dilation

scale drawing

Representation of an object with accurate proportions, resized using a scale

scale factor

a ratio between two corresponding sides of similar shapes

scale model

Representation of an object resized accurately using a scale

similar polygons

Figures with same shape; corresponding angles are equal and sides are proportional

similarity transformation

when a figure is transformed into another through enlargement or reduction in size

Angle of Depression

The angle formed by a horizontal line and the line of sight to an object below the horizontal

angle of elevation

Angle from a horizontal line to an object above.

cosine

adjacent/hypotonuse

geometric mean

Central tendency of a set using the product of values

• multiple all numbers then root them by the number of nubmers that there are

law of cosines

a2=b2+c2−2bccos(A)

law of sines

sin/Aa=sinB/b=sinC/c

pythagrean triple

3 lengths that can make a triangle

• fits equation: a2+b2=c2

sine

opposite/hypotonuse

tangent

opposite/adjacent

trigometric ratio

a ratio of the lengths of the sides of a triangle

adjacent arcs

arcs with one point in common

arc

part of a circle defined by two endpoints

arc length

distance along the edge of the circle between the two endpoints

center (of circle)

central point where all radii meet

central angle

an angle that intersects a circle in two points and has its vertex at the center of the circle

chord

a segment with end points on the circle

chord segment

segments formed when two chords intersect inside a circle

circle

a collection of points all equidistant from the center

circumference

distance around a circle

circumscribed

when a circle contains all vertecies of a shape, that shape is circumscribed

common tangent

a line or segmant that is tangent to two circles in the same plane

concentric cicles

coplanar cicles with the same center

congruent arcs

arcs in the same circle or in congrunt circles that have the same measure

diameter

a chord that passes through the center of a circle

inscribed

when all the veracies of a shape or angle lie on the circle

inscribed angle

an angle thats vertex is on the circle and sides are chords of the circle

intercepted arc

an arc is intercepted if the endpoints of the arc lie on the angle

major arc

measure greater than 180

minor arce

arc less than 180 measure

pi

ratio of the circumference of the circle to the diameter of the circle (3.14159…)

point of tangency

point where tangent meets circle

tangent

line that intercects circle at one point

radius

segment thats endpoints are the center and a point on the circle

secant

any line that intersects a circle at exacly 2 points

semicircle

arc that measures 180