Introductory Concepts

b

What is the study of physiochemical properties of drugs and how drugs influence the body called?

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Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacotherapeutics

c

Which statement best describes pharmacokinetics?

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Adverse effects and toxic reactions to medications

Conversion of medication into its active chemical substance

What the body does to the drug after it is administered

Physiologic interaction between a drug and body cells

a

What is another term for biotransformation of a drug?

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Metabolism

Absorption

Excretion

Dilution

a

A drug given by which route is altered by the first-pass effect?

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Oral

Sublingual

Intravenous (IV)

Subcutaneous

c

Drug’s half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to

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be absorbed by the body.

reach a therapeutic level.

exert a response.

be eliminated by the body.

a

Which nursing action will increase the absorption of a medication administered intramuscularly?

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Massaging the site after injection.

Lowering the extremity below the level of the heart.

Applying ice packs to the injection site.

Administering the medication via the Z-track method.

c

When administering two medications that are highly protein bound, the nurse understands to monitor the patient carefully for which effect?

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A short duration of medication action

Immediate improvement in the patient’s condition

Increase in the risk of drug–drug interactions

Hypovolemic shock caused by a low albumin level

a

To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider will prescribe the medication to be administered by which route?

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Intravenous (IV)

Subcutaneous (SC)

Intramuscular (IM)

Intrathecally

a

Patients with renal failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic process?

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Excretion

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

a

What is the ratio between a drug’s therapeutic effects and toxic effects called?

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Therapeutic index

Cumulative effect

Tolerance

Affinity

a

Patient asks why IV dose less than oral dose

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“Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect.”

“Medications given orally bypass the portal circulatory system.”

“Drugs administered intravenously enter the portal system before systemic distribution.”

“A large percentage of an intravenously administered drug is metabolized into inactive metabolites in the liver.”

b

An older adult woman took a prescription medication to help her sleep but instead she was restless all night. The nurse recognizes she experienced what effect?

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a) allergic reaction

b) idiosyncratic reaction

c) mutagenic reaction

d) synergistic effect

c

While caring for a patient w/ cirrhosis or hepatitis, the nurse knows that abnormalities in which phase of pharmacokinetics may occur?

a) absorption

b) distribution

c) metabolism

d) excretion

d

The nurse is giving medications to a patient in heart failure. The intravenous route is chosen instead of the intramuscular route. Which patient factor most influences the decision about which route to use?

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a) altered biliary function

b) increased glomerular filtration

c) reduced liver metabolism

d) diminished circulation