Grammar Final Hon Hum 1

noun

Person ,place, thing or idea. Proper nouns are capitalized.

verb

expresses an action, condition, or a state of being

adjective

a word that modifies a noun (THIS poem, SCARY stories, TWELVE chapters)

adverb

a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (-ly; Poe lived THERE, his wife died very EARLY, we lived EAGERLY, he tried HARD to be VERY dependable) Why? How much? How long? To what extent? (i FREQUENTLY go to the theater, please write CAREFULLY in the booklet)

preposition

a word used to show the relationship between a noun or pronoun

conjunction

a word that connects words or groups of words

interjection

a word or phrase used to express emotion, not part of the main structure of the sentence (Well,…., Impossible!….)

possessive noun

shows who or what owns something (William Shakespeare’s play; joint ownership w/o both names; dogs’ children’s)

auxiliary/helping verbs

helps another verb to express time, attitude, or possibility…to be, has, have, had, shall, will, can, may, should, would, could, might, must, do, did, and does (she IS going to the store; i WILL finish my homework; i MIGHT finish my homework)

proper adjectives

formed from a proper noun and thus requires a capital letter (-n,

-an, -ian, -ern, -ese, -ish, -ist, and -ic; Chinese, American, Russian, Shakespearean, etc.)

predicate adjectives

adjectives that follow linking verbs, always modify the subject of the sentence (is successful, seems comical and absurd, he LOOKS extremely HANDSOME)

conjunctive adverb

an adverb used as a coordinating conjunction, serves to carry the sense from one independent clause to another (accordingly, furthermore, indeed, still, also, besides, hence, however) usually preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma (The prisoner was afraid ;nevertheless, he struggled to remain calm)

coordinating conjunctions

connect two independent clauses (and, but nor, or…FANBOYS) a comma precedes a coordinating conjunction between two independent clauses (Yesterday was very cold, AND it was snowing) EQUAL RANK

subordinating conjunction

used to connect subordinate clauses to independent clauses (after, because, before, if, since, that, until, where and when (WHEN Stephen Crane wrote, SINCE it is often subtle)

correlative conunction

always used in pairs, and, either, or neither, nor (BOTH verbal AND dramatic irony, NEITHER Chekhov NOR Crane is alive)

complete sentence

includes a subject and a verb and expresses a complete idea (The stories represent many cultures)

sentence fragment

lacks a subject or a verb or both, and does not express a complete idea (The stories of many cultures)

run-on sentence

two or more sentences written as one, with either no punctuation or just a comma between the complete ideas (Sylvia Plath is a major poet her one novel is also famous)

complete subject

includes all the words that identify the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about (Enthralled, everyone in the audience…)

complete predicate

includes all the words that tell or ask something about the subject (…listened to the poet’s reading)

simple subject

the subject, the key word or words in the complete subject (E.B. White…, ELEMENTS of autobiography…, A broader PERSPECTIVE…)

simple predicate

found in the complete predicate, is the verb or verb phrase of the sentence (…WROTE,…GIVE an essay a narrative flow,…must somehow BE ACHIEVED)

inverted subjects in inverted sentences

verb before the subject (TREASURED ARE the POEMS of Robert Frost)