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What does FAILURE stand for? (failure of the League)
F- French and British self-interest
A- absent powers (USA didn’t join the league)
I- ineffective sanctions
L- lack of armed forces (League did not have any of its own troops)
U- unfair treaty
R- reaching decisions too slow
E-economic depressions
What is the short and long term consequences of the Economic Depression?
Short term:
The league was seriously weakened by the effects of the worldwide economic depression
Long term:
America often undermined economic sanctions as they continued to trade with countries the league wished to impose economic sanctions
What were the short and long term consequences of the TofV?
Short term:
The view the Treaty was too harsh on Germany and became more and more popular in Britain
The league was supposed to enforce the Treaty but failed
Long term:
Hitler viewed the League as weak and took advantage of the League's inaction
What were the short and long term consequences of Disarmament?
Hitler was secretly rearming, only doing this because other countries refused to disarm, he then left the League.
The collapse of the League of Nations Disarmament conference had shown other countries where not ready to disarm, so Hitler knew he could get away with it.
Britan had help dismantle the Treaty by signing the Anglo-German Naval agreement with Hitler, allowing Germany to increase its navy.
What were the short and long term consequences of the Abyssinia and Manchurian crisis?
The crisis in Manchuria and Abyssinia showed the world how powerless the League was, and therefore encouraged further acts of aggression
Britian and France had proven they were not prepared to use military force to resolve international crises
The failure of the League to address these crises encouraged Italy and Germany to think that their territorial ambitions were achievable
Following the Manchuria Crisis, Japan withdrew from the League and drew closer to Hitler and Mussolini through the Anti-Comintern pact
What were the short and long term consequences of the Saar Plebiscite?
In 1935 the league of Nations held the promised plebiscite for people to vote on whether their region should return Saarland to the German rule.
Hitler was wary of this because many of his opponents had fled there
Around 90% of people voted to return the German rule
It was a real morale booster for Hitler
Context of the Spanish Civil war
Civil war broke out in Spain in July 1936 between:
The left-wing Spanish government
Right-wing nationalist rebels led by General Franco
Britains reaction to the Spanish Civil war
Created a Non-Intervention Committee to avoid fighting in the war,To avoid causing a bigger European war
France’s reaction to the Spanish Civil war
Created a Non-Intervention Committee to avoid fighting in the war
Nationalist sympathisers in France could cause a civil war in the country
Germany’s reaction to the Spanish Civil war
Sent weapons and aircraft to support right-wing rebels
To test out the new Luftwaffe and form an alliance with Mussolini
Italy’s reaction to the Spanish Civil war
Sent weapons and aircraft to support right-wing rebels
To expand Italy’s power and influence in Europe
USSR’s reaction to the Spanish Civil war
Sent weapons and aircraft to support left-wing government
To stop the development of another fascist state in Europe
How many people were killed in the Spanish Civil war?
750,000, which went against the Leagues mentality of stopping the use of war
What was the impact of General Franco winning?
• General Franco won in 1939
○ Fascism had won against democracy
○ Hitler and Mussolini formed a tighter bond
They signed the Rome-Berlin Axis alliance in 1937
How did the Spanish Civil war help Germany? (Military)
• Germany developed devastating military tactics
○ Hitler tested the concept of blitzkrieg, or ‘lightning war’, in the conflict
○ The Luftwaffe developed new bombing techniques
On 26th April 1937, German and Italian bombers bombed the city of Guernica
Over three hours, they destroyed the city and killed hundreds of civilians
What was the impact of the Luftwaffe?
the Nazi’s aerial bombing shocked world leaders and their populations
Britain and France increased their rearmament programmes
People worried about the consequences of war
Many civilians wanted to avoid war at all costs
