EMOTIONAL & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from Chapter 16.1 to 16.2 focusing on Self-Understanding & Identity.

Changes in Self-Concept

The shift in self-concept from middle childhood to adolescence is based on a life perspective that moves from an “inward view” to a view that is based on social relationships and context.

Middle Childhood Self-Concept

Focuses on personality traits (inward view).

Adolescent Self-Concept

Perspective of social roles and places, like home, school, sports, peer groups, etc.

Changes in Self-Esteem

In most industrialized nations, most children experience a rise in self-esteem during adolescence; self-esteem stabilizes in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Factors Building Self-Esteem in Adolescence

Increasing sense of mastery, autonomy, and social opportunities build self-esteem during adolescence.

Gender and Self-Esteem

In industrialized nations, females tend to have lower self-esteem than males.

Parenting and Self-Esteem

Authoritative parenting predicts stable, favorable self-esteem.

School and Self-Esteem

Growth mindset, high expectations, and supportive teachers influence academic self-esteem.

Peers and Self-Esteem

Acceptance can have a protective effect from other negative influences on self-esteem.

Erik Erikson

First to recognize identity as a significant personality attainment.

Identity

An explicit theory of oneself, as a rationale being who takes responsibility for their life.

Identity Crisis

May occur during adolescence as teens progress through identity formation; it is temporary and part of the identity formation process.

Identity Development Process

For many teens, identity development is not traumatic and disturbing, rather a process of exploration followed by commitment.

Key Psychosocial Criteria for Healthy Self-Identity

Exploration and Commitment

Four Identity Statuses

Identity Achievement, Identity Moratorium, Identity Foreclosure, Identity Diffusion

Identity Achievement and Identity Moratorium

Healthy routes to mature self-definition.

Long-term Identity Foreclosure and Identity Diffusion

Maladaptive.

Identity-Achieved or Actively Exploring

Lead to higher self-esteem.

Ruminative

Excessively concerned with making the right choice can lead to psychological distress and poor long-term adjustment.

Long-term Diffused Teenagers

The least mature in identity development.

Factors Affecting Identity Development

Personality, Family, Peers, School, Community, Culture

Identity Status

Both the cause and outcome of personality characteristics.

Family Role in Identity Development

Parents provide emotional support and freedom to explore; Families serve as a “secure base.”

“Foreclosed identity” Teenagers

Have close bonds with parents but may not have healthy separation.

Teenagers Who Have “Diffused Identity”

Lacking in parental support and emotional warmth at home.

Interaction with Diverse Peers

Encourages adolescents to explore values and role possibilities.

Close Friends

Can act as a secure base, emotionally support, and provide models of identity development.

Identity Development

Depends on schools and communities that offer rich and varied opportunities for exploration and promote engagement in learning.

Ethnic Identity

“…a sense of ethnic group membership and the attitudes, beliefs, and feelings associated with the group.”

Acculturative Stress

“…psychological distress resulting from conflict between minority and dominant culture.”

Bicultural Identity

“…exploring and adopting values from both the adolescent’s subculture and the dominant culture.