Malaria flashcards

Malaria Vector

female anepholine mosquitos

Parasitophorous vacuole cause

apical complex

Malaria Enviornmental conditions

high humidity, high temperatures, standing or moving water

Anthroponotic Malarias

falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae

zoonotic Malarias

knowlesi

P. Vivax locations

carribean, india, pakistan, latin america

P. ovale locations

Africa

P. falciparum and P. malariae locations

Asia and Africa

P. knowelsi location

southeast asia

P. knowlesi resevoirs

monkeys

Benign Tertian Malaria species

vivax and ovale

Malignant tertian malaria species

falciparum

Quartan malaria species

malriae

Quotian malaria species

knowlesi

Benign tertian malaria recurrence

48 hours

Quartan malaria recurrence

72 hours

Quotian malaria recurrence

24 hours

Malaria life cycles in humans

exo-erthrocytic and erthrocytic

Exo-erythrocytic infection site

liver

Exo-erythrocytic states

merozoites and schizonts

Erythrocytic infection sites

red blood cells

Erythrocytic stage

gametocytes

exoflagellation

3 rounds of division to create microgametes

syngamy

creates a diploid zygote

sporogonic cycle time

10-24 days

Malaria Complications

anemia

P. falciparum complications

blackwater fever, cerebral malaria, congenital malaria

blackwater fever

rbc lysis, organ failure, jaundice, splenomegaly

Non-cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema/ Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome

accumulated fluid in the lungs can affect breathing

cerebral malaria

parasite filled rbc block blood cells in the brain

Congenital Malaria

Parasitemia in neonates within 7 days of birth implies transplacental transmission

Malaria diagnosis

clinical picture, microscopy, serodiagnosis, pcr

Thick film

quantification and quick identification

Thin film

differentiation of parasite species

Malaria Serodiagnosis

RDTs, ELISA, rapid antigen capture tests

Benign tertian malaria species

p. vivax and p. ovale

benign teritan malaria targets

young erythroccytes

benign teritan malaria parasitemia

low(<1%)

benign teritan malaria cytoplasm

schuffner dots

Quartan malaria species

p. malaria

Quartan malaria target

older rbc

Quartan malaria parasitemia

low(0.2%)

Quartan malaria trophozoite

band form

Quartan malaria cytoplasm

ziemann’s dots

Malignant tertian malaria species

p. falciparum

Malignant tertian malaria parasitemia

high(10%)

Malignant tertian malaria cells

knobbed

Malaria treatment

chloroquine, artemether

malaria relapse treatment

primaquine